{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:14:23Z","timestamp":1790889263986,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":206,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF- 2018R1A2B3001503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF- 2018R1A2B3001503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2019R1A4A1028534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1A4A1028534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1C1C1006507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1C1C1006507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vascular calcification (VC) is characterized by calcium deposition inside arteries and is closely associated with the morbidity and mortality of atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). VC is now widely known to be an active process occurring in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) involving multiple mechanisms and factors. These mechanisms share features with the process of bone formation, since the phenotype switching from the contractile to the osteochondrogenic phenotype also occurs in VSMCs during VC. In addition, VC can be regulated by epigenetic factors, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. Although VC is commonly observed in patients with chronic kidney disease and CVD, specific drugs for VC have not been developed. Thus, discovering novel therapeutic targets may be necessary. In this review, we summarize the current experimental evidence regarding the role of epigenetic regulators including histone deacetylases and propose the therapeutic implication of these regulators in the treatment of VC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T14:00:43Z","timestamp":1588600843000},"page":"3246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Roles of Histone Acetylation Modifiers and Other Epigenetic Regulators in Vascular Calcification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6424-0300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duk-Hwa","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhee","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6434-2235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Kook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0740-1806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun","family":"Kook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1190-z","article-title":"A novel role of cellular interactions in vascular calcification","volume":"15","author":"Bardeesi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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