{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:48:00Z","timestamp":1790837280319,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare neoplasms of mesenchymal origin arising in the gastrointestinal tract. The vast majority are characterized by mutually exclusive activating mutations in KIT or Platelet-derived growth factor alpha (PDGFRA) receptors, or less frequently by succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDH) or NF1 inactivation, with very rare cases harboring mutant BRAF or RAS alleles. Approximately 5% of GISTs lack any of such mutations and are called quadruple wild-type (WT) GISTs. Recently, deregulated Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)\/FGF-receptor (FGFR) signaling emerged as a relevant pathway driving oncogenic activity in different molecular subgroups of GISTs. This review summarizes all the current evidences supporting the key role of the FGF\/FGFR pathway activation in GISTs, whereby either activating mutations, oncogenic gene fusions, or autocrine\/paracrine signaling have been detected in quadruple WT, SDH-deficient, or KIT-mutant GISTs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T03:45:20Z","timestamp":1588909520000},"page":"3313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Emerging Role of the FGF\/FGFR Pathway in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2732-0747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Astolfi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Abbondanza","family":"Pantaleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8854-3821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Indio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cGiorgio Prodi\u201d Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3364-9098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Urbini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Nannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Unit, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020461","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors","volume":"347","author":"Demetri","year":"2002","journal-title":"New Engl. 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