{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:02:26Z","timestamp":1787065346213,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1F32HD090854-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F32HD090854-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Volgenau Foundation","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium","award":["Dr. Holly Reed Conservation Fund Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Dr. Holly Reed Conservation Fund Grant"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009198","name":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Friends of the National Zoo","award":["FONZ 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FONZ 2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Artificial insemination (AI) is a valuable tool for ex situ wildlife conservation, allowing the re-infusion and dissemination of genetic material, even after death of the donor. However, the application of AI to species conservation is still limited, due mainly to the poor survival of cryopreserved sperm. Recent work demonstrated that oviductal extracellular vesicles (oEVs) improved cat sperm motility and reduced premature acrosomal exocytosis. Here, we build on these findings by describing the protein content of dog and cat oEVs and investigating whether the incubation of cryopreserved red wolf and cheetah sperm with oEVs during thawing improves sperm function. Both red wolf and cheetah sperm thawed with dog and cat oEVs, respectively, had more intact acrosomes than the non-EV controls. Moreover, red wolf sperm thawed in the presence of dog oEVs better maintained sperm motility over time (&gt;15%) though such an improvement was not observed in cheetah sperm. Our work demonstrates that dog and cat oEVs carry proteins important for sperm function and improve post-thaw motility and\/or acrosome integrity of red wolf and cheetah sperm in vitro. The findings show how oEVs can be a valuable tool for improving the success of AI with cryopreserved sperm in threatened species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T03:29:10Z","timestamp":1590463750000},"page":"3733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Oviductal Extracellular Vesicles Improve Post-Thaw Sperm Function in Red Wolves and Cheetahs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9896-3459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcia","family":"de Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer Beth","family":"Nagashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael James","family":"Noonan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA"},{"name":"The Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1177 Research Road, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne E.","family":"Crosier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nucharin","family":"Songsasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IUCN 2020 (2020). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, IUCN. Version 2020-1."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Lasher, C. (2019). 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