{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T23:18:37Z","timestamp":1792279117384,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 108-2119-M-033-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 108-2119-M-033-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chang Gung Medical Research Foundation, Taiwan","award":["CMRPF3G0013; CMRPF3K0041 and BMRPD16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPF3G0013; CMRPF3K0041 and BMRPD16"]}]},{"name":"Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan","award":["ZRRPF3J0081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZRRPF3J0081"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammation is a hallmark of many metabolic diseases. We previously showed that ferrocene-appended 1H-1,2,3-triazole hybrids inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in in vitro models of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in the BV-2 cell. In the present study, we explored the viability, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potential of ferrocene-1H-1,2,3-triazole hybrids using biochemical assays in rat mesangial cells (RMCs). We found that, among all the ferrocene-1H-1,2,3-triazole hybrids, X2\u2013X4 exhibited an antioxidant effect on mitochondrial free radicals. Among all the studied compounds, X4 demonstrated the best anti-inflammatory effect on RMCs. These results were supplemented by in silico studies including molecular docking with human cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzymes as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiling. Besides, two new crystal structures of the compounds have also been reported. In addition, combining the results from the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cPLA2, COX-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) enzymatic activity analysis and NO production also confirmed this argument. Overall, the results of this study will be a valuable addition to the growing body of work on biological activities of triazole-based compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T10:02:45Z","timestamp":1590660165000},"page":"3823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["1,4-Disubstituted 1H-1,2,3-Triazoles for Renal Diseases: Studies of Viability, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3250-7397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Yi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Infection and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6780-632X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashanul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha\u2019il 81451, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5254-1341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Fa","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200 Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1839-184X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed","family":"Imran Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4678-9508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Serajul Haque","family":"Faizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Langat Singh College, B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar 842001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0660-4721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Necmi","family":"Dege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Atakum, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5606-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad S.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb1196-897","article-title":"The cyclooxygenase-2 stucture: New drugs for an old target?","volume":"3","author":"Garavito","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1159\/000478869","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 deficiency prevents renal inflammation and oxidative stress in obese mice","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/317682","article-title":"Mediators of inflammation and their effect on resident renal cells: Implications in lupus nephritis","volume":"2013","author":"Yung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. 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