{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T01:16:21Z","timestamp":1782177381210,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urinary exosomes, small extracellular vesicles present in urine, are secreted from all types of renal epithelial cells. Aquaporin-2 (AQP2), a vasopressin-regulated water channel protein, is known to be selectively excreted into the urine through exosomes (UE-AQP2), and its renal expression is decreased in nephrotic syndrome. However, it is still unclear whether excretion of UE-AQP2 is altered in nephrotic syndrome. In this study, we examined the excretion of UE-AQP2 in an experimental rat model of nephrotic syndrome induced by the administration of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). Rats were assigned to two groups: a control group administered saline and a PAN group given a single intraperitoneal injection of PAN (125 mg\/kg) at day 0. The experiment was continued for 8 days, and samples of urine, blood, and tissue were collected on days 2, 5, and 8. The blood and urine parameters revealed that PAN induced nephrotic syndrome on days 5 and 8, and decreases in the excretion of UE-AQP2 were detected on days 2 through 8 in the PAN group. Immunohistochemistry showed that the renal expression of AQP2 was decreased on days 5 and 8. The release of exosomal marker proteins into the urine through UEs was decreased on day 5 and increased on day 8. These data suggest that UE-AQP2 is decreased in PAN-induced nephrotic syndrome and that this reflects its renal expression in the marked proteinuria phase after PAN treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T13:20:43Z","timestamp":1592313643000},"page":"4288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Decreased Excretion of Urinary Exosomal Aquaporin-2 in a Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4907-955X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abdeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Sonoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaha","family":"Kaito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayaka","family":"Oshikawa-Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naruki","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2539-8812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-101512-122326","article-title":"Biogenesis, secretion, and intercellular interactions of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles","volume":"30","author":"Colombo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. 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