{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T22:58:39Z","timestamp":1788476319459,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]],"date-time":"2020-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding the molecular basis of adipogenesis is vital to identify new therapeutic targets to improve anti-obesity drugs. The adipogenic process could be a new target in the management of this disease. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of GMG-43AC, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 (PPAR\u03b3) modulator, during adipose differentiation of murine pre-adipocytes and human Adipose Derived Stem Cells (hADSCs). We differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and primary hADSCs in the presence of various doses of GMG-43AC and evaluated the differentiation efficiency measuring lipid accumulation, the expression of specific differentiation markers and the quantification of accumulated triglycerides. The treatment with GMG-43AC is not toxic as shown by cell viability assessments after the treatments. Our findings demonstrate the inhibition of lipid accumulation and the significant decrease in the expression of adipocyte-specific genes, such as PPAR\u03b3, FABP-4, and leptin. This effect was long lasting, as the removal of GMG-43AC from culture medium did not allow the restoration of adipogenic process. The above actions were confirmed in hADSCs exposed to adipogenic stimuli. Together, these results indicate that GMG-43AC efficiently inhibits adipocytes differentiation in murine and human cells, suggesting its possible function in the reversal of adipogenesis and modulation of lipolysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T06:11:02Z","timestamp":1592892662000},"page":"4415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A New Selective PPAR\u03b3 Modulator Inhibits Triglycerides Accumulation during Murine Adipocytes\u2019 and Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3721-0143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghina","family":"Al Haj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudin\u00ec 8, 20142 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7944-3143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudin\u00ec 8, 20142 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toniella","family":"Giallongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudin\u00ec 8, 20142 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Colli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudin\u00ec 8, 20142 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Marzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Giuliani SpA, Via Pelagio Palagi, 2, 20129 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giammaria","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Giuliani SpA, Via Pelagio Palagi, 2, 20129 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Gorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudin\u00ec 8, 20142 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2795-9874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Vicenzo","family":"Zuccotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Research Center \u201cRomeo ed Enrica Invernizzi\u201d, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Di Giulio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Research Center \u201cRomeo ed Enrica Invernizzi\u201d, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4603-396X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephana","family":"Carelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Research Center \u201cRomeo ed Enrica Invernizzi\u201d, University of Milan, Via G.B. 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