{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T16:44:00Z","timestamp":1788021840529,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]],"date-time":"2020-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Some intracellular pathogens are able to avoid the defense mechanisms contributing to host epigenetic modifications. These changes trigger alterations tothe chromatin structure and on the transcriptional level of genes involved in the pathogenesis of many bacterial diseases. In this way, pathogens manipulate the host cell for their own survival. The better understanding of epigenetic consequences in bacterial infection may open the door for designing new vaccine approaches and therapeutic implications. This article characterizes selected intracellular bacterial pathogens, including Mycobacterium spp., Listeria spp., Chlamydia spp., Mycoplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., Legionella spp. and Yersinia spp., which can modulate and reprogram of defense genes in host innate immune cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21134573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T05:28:56Z","timestamp":1593408536000},"page":"4573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Host Epigenetics in Intracellular Pathogen Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Marek","family":"Fol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"W\u0142odarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9386-4809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Druszczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1787609","article-title":"An operational definition of epigenetics","volume":"23","author":"Berger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-2096","article-title":"High levels of aberrant DNA methylation in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosae and its possible association with gastric cancer risk","volume":"12","author":"Maekita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. 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