{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:31:32Z","timestamp":1790749892872,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (vAMD), characterized by the neo-vascularization of the retro-foveolar choroid, leads to blindness within few years. This disease depends on angiogenesis mediated by the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) and to inflammation. The only available treatments consist of monthly intravitreal injections of antibodies directed against VEGF or VEGF\/VEGFB\/PlGF decoy receptors. Despite their relative efficacy, these drugs only delay progression to blindness and 30% of the patients are insensitive to these treatments. Hence, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Experimental models of vAMD are essential to screen different innovative therapeutics. The currently used in vitro and in vivo models in ophthalmic translational research and their relevance are discussed in this review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21134627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T11:17:17Z","timestamp":1593429437000},"page":"4627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Experimental Models in Neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Olivia","family":"Rastoin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University Cote d\u2019Azur (UCA), 06000 Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Pag\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University Cote d\u2019Azur (UCA), 06000 Nice, France"},{"name":"Biomedical Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000 Monaco, Monaco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1732-0388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maeva","family":"Dufies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000 Monaco, Monaco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"74","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"59","author":"Gheorghe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rom. 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