{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T07:28:56Z","timestamp":1770881336306,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Minister of Science and Higher Education in the range of the program entitled &quot;Regional Initiative of Excellence&quot; for the years 2019-2022","award":["Project No. 010\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project No. 010\/RID\/2018\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) consists of 28 amino acid residues and is widespreadin many internal organs and systems. Its presence has also been found in the nervous structuressupplying the carotid body not only in mammals but also in birds and amphibians. The numberand distribution of VIP in the carotid body clearly depends on the animal species studied;however, among all the species, this neuropeptide is present in nerve fibers around blood vesselsand between glomus cell clusters. It is also known that the number of nerves containing VIP locatedin the carotid body may change under various pathological and physiological factors. The knowledgeconcerning the functioning of VIP in the carotid body is relatively limited. It is known that VIP mayimpact the glomus type I cells, causing changes in their spontaneous discharge, but the main impactof VIP on the carotid body is probably connected with the vasodilatory eects of this peptide and itsinfluence on blood flow and oxygen delivery. This review is a concise summary of forty years ofresearch concerning the distribution of VIP in the carotid body.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21134692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T16:06:54Z","timestamp":1593533214000},"page":"4692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in the Carotid Body\u2014A History of Forty Years of Research. A Mini Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3528-3958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slawomir","family":"Gonkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Str. 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275335","article-title":"Translating carotid body function into clinical medicine","volume":"596","author":"Iturriaga","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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