{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T08:05:36Z","timestamp":1773389136977,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":280,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease characterized by the loss and obstructive remodeling of the pulmonary arterial wall, causing a rise in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, which is responsible for right heart failure, functional decline, and death. Although many drugs are available for the treatment of this condition, it continues to be life-threatening, and its long-term treatment is expensive. On the other hand, many natural compounds present in food have beneficial effects on several cardiovascular conditions. Several studies have explored many of the potential beneficial effects of natural plant products on PAH. However, the mechanisms by which natural products, such as nutraceuticals, exert protective and therapeutic effects on PAH are not fully understood. In this review, we analyze the current knowledge on nutraceuticals and their potential use in the protection and treatment of PAH, as well as whether nutraceuticals could enhance the effects of drugs used in PAH through similar mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21144827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T11:47:46Z","timestamp":1594208866000},"page":"4827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Nutraceuticals in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Gloria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9238-4202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Horacio","family":"Osorio-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiopatolog\u00eda Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1004-0685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abraham S.","family":"Arellano-Buend\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiopatolog\u00eda Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3581-398X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxana","family":"Carb\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edazcouder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Posgrado en Biolog\u00eda Experimental, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Guzm\u00e1n-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8315-8572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Rubio-Gayosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6556-1632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fausto","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801913","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01913-2018","article-title":"Haemodynamic definitions and updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"53","author":"Simonneau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. 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