{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:43:25Z","timestamp":1790909005053,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by intracellular lipid peroxide accumulation and redox imbalance. Ferroptosis shows specific biological and morphological features when compared to the other cell death patterns. The loss of lipid peroxide repair activity by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), the presence of redox-active iron and the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing phospholipids are considered as distinct fingerprints of ferroptosis. Several pathways, including amino acid and iron metabolism, ferritinophagy, cell adhesion, p53, Keap1\/Nrf2 and phospholipid biosynthesis, can modify susceptibility to ferroptosis. Through the decades, various diseases, including acute kidney injury; cancer; ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury; and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and hepatic disorders, have been associated with ferroptosis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the main biological and biochemical mechanisms of ferroptosis and an overview of chemicals used as inducers and inhibitors. Then, we report the contribution of ferroptosis to the spectrum of liver diseases, acute or chronic. Finally, we discuss the use of ferroptosis as a therapeutic approach against hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common form of primary liver cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21144908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T09:30:49Z","timestamp":1594719049000},"page":"4908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":335,"title":["Ferroptosis in Liver Diseases: An Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2699-9126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina Maria","family":"Capelletti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur l\u2019Inflammation, INSERM U1149, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, 75018 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Manceau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur l\u2019Inflammation, INSERM U1149, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, 75018 Paris, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie, H\u00f4pital Beaujon, APHP, 92110 Clichy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Puy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur l\u2019Inflammation, INSERM U1149, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, 75018 Paris, France"},{"name":"Centre Fran\u00e7ais des Porphyries, H\u00f4pital Louis Mourier, APHP, 92701 Colombes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katell","family":"Peoc\u2019h","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur l\u2019Inflammation, INSERM U1149, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, 75018 Paris, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie, H\u00f4pital Beaujon, APHP, 92110 Clichy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1616","article-title":"Iron and ferroptosis: A still ill-defined liaison: Iron and Ferroptosis\u2019Ferroptosis\u2019","volume":"69","author":"Doll","year":"2017","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: An Iron-Dependent Form of Nonapoptotic Cell \u2018Death\u2019","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ferroptosis: Past, present and future","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(03)00050-3","article-title":"Identification of genotype-selective antitumor agents using synthetic lethal chemical screening in engineered human tumor cells","volume":"3","author":"Dolma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2015.158","article-title":"Ferroptosis: Process and function","volume":"23","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2019.151058","article-title":"Mitochondria regulation in ferroptosis","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. 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