{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T02:03:04Z","timestamp":1785290584886,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]],"date-time":"2020-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KO 3552\/7-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KO 3552\/7-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG BA 4730\/4-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG BA 4730\/4-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Open Access"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Open Access"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Georg\u2010Christoph\u2010Lichtenberg Scholarship","award":["EWI\u2010Zoonosen"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EWI\u2010Zoonosen"]}]},{"name":"Niedersachsen\u2010Research Network on Neuroinfectiology (N\u2010RENNT)","award":["N-RENNT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N-RENNT"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005707","name":"Akademie f\u00fcr Tiergesundheit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Bonilla 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Bonilla 2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic agent causing meningitis in pigs and humans. Neutrophils, as the first line of defense against S. suis infections, release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to entrap pathogens. In this study, we investigated the role of the secreted nuclease A of S. suis (SsnA) as a NET-evasion factor in vivo and in vitro. Piglets were intranasally infected with S. suis strain 10 or an isogenic ssnA mutant. DNase and NET-formation were analyzed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue. Animals infected with S. suis strain 10 or S. suis 10\u0394ssnA showed the presence of NETs in CSF and developed similar clinical signs. Therefore, SsnA does not seem to be a crucial virulence factor that contributes to the development of meningitis in pigs. Importantly, DNase activity was detectable in the CSF of both infection groups, indicating that host nucleases, in contrast to bacterial nuclease SsnA, may play a major role during the onset of meningitis. The effect of DNase 1 on neutrophil functions was further analyzed in a 3D-cell culture model of the porcine blood\u2013CSF barrier. We found that DNase 1 partially contributes to enhanced killing of S. suis by neutrophils, especially when plasma is present. In summary, host nucleases may partially contribute to efficient innate immune response in the CSF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T04:39:50Z","timestamp":1595824790000},"page":"5289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Role of Bacterial and Host DNases on Host-Pathogen Interaction during Streptococcus suis Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Marita","family":"Meurer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"\u00d6hlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta C.","family":"Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Valentin-Weigand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Beineke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Hennig-Pauka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Station for Epidemiology Bakum, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 49456 Bakum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schwerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horst","family":"Schroten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph G.","family":"Baums","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maren von","family":"K\u00f6ckritz-Blickwede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"de Buhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hersi, K., Gonzalez, F.J., and Kondamudi, N.P. 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