{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:25:39Z","timestamp":1791318339936,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several studies support, both in vitro and in vivo, the anti-cancer effects of cannabidiol (CBD), a transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) ligand. TRPV2, often dysregulated in tumors, is associated with altered cell proliferation and aggressiveness. Endometrial cancer (EC) is historically divided in type I endometrioid EC and type II non-endometrioid EC, associated with poor prognosis. Treatment options with chemotherapy and combinations with radiation showed only limited efficacy. Since no data are reported concerning TRPV2 expression as well as CBD potential effects in EC, the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of TRPV2 in biopsies and cell lines as well as the effects of CBD in in vitro models. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), cell viability, migration, and chemo-resistance have been evaluated. Results show that TRPV2 expression increased with the malignancy of the cancer tissue and correlated with shorter PFS (p = 0.0224). Moreover, in vitro TRPV2 over-expression in Ishikawa cell line increased migratory ability and response to cisplatin. CBD reduced cell viability, activating predominantly apoptosis in type I cells and autophagy in mixed type EC cells. The CBD improved chemotherapeutic drugs cytotoxic effects, enhanced by TRPV2 over-expression. Hence, TRPV2 could be considered as a marker for optimizing the therapy and CBD might be a useful therapeutic option as adjuvant therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T03:36:38Z","timestamp":1596080198000},"page":"5409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["The Effects of Cannabidiol and Prognostic Role of TRPV2 in Human Endometrial Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5518-5303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliviero","family":"Marinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4614-5649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Beatrice","family":"Morelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8413-7669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Annibali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecological Oncology Department LKI, Leuven Cancer Institute KU, Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8508-6389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Aguzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Zeppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1255-8071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Tuyaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecological Oncology Department LKI, Leuven Cancer Institute KU, Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Consuelo","family":"Amantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Amant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecological Oncology Department LKI, Leuven Cancer Institute KU, Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Centre for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek-Netherlands Cancer Institute (AvL-NKI), University Medical Centra (UMC), 1066 Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Ferretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncologia Medica, Ospedale di San Severino, 62027 San Severino Marche (MC), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4191-2148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00155 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Santoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0165-1385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Nabissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy"},{"name":"Integrative Therapy Discovery Lab, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2016.0094","article-title":"Cannabinoids for Symptom Management and Cancer Therapy: The Evidence","volume":"14","author":"Davis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758835919866362","DOI":"10.1177\/1758835919866362","article-title":"Opportunities for cannabis in supportive care in cancer","volume":"11","author":"Kleckner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14426","article-title":"Anti-tumour actions of cannabinoids","volume":"176","author":"Hinz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29573","article-title":"Cannabidiol stimulates Aml-1a-dependent glial differentiation and inhibits glioma stem-like cells proliferation by inducing autophagy in a TRPV2-dependent manner","volume":"137","author":"Nabissi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74068","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18240","article-title":"Regulation of human glioblastoma cell death by combined treatment of cannabidiol, \u03b3-radiation and small molecule inhibitors of cell signalling pathways","volume":"8","author":"Ivanov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706134","article-title":"Cannabidiol inhibits human glioma cell migration through a cannabinoid receptor-independent mechanism","volume":"144","author":"Vaccani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-12-0335","article-title":"COX-2 and PPAR-\u03b3 confer cannabidiol-induced apoptosis of human lung cancer cells","volume":"12","author":"Ramer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-198184","article-title":"Cannabidiol inhibits lung cancer cell invasion and metastasis via intercellular adhesion molecule-1","volume":"26","author":"Ramer","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-010-0219-2","article-title":"Decrease of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 may contribute to the anti-invasive action of cannabidiol on human lung cancer cells","volume":"27","author":"Ramer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Qin, Y., Pan, Z., Li, M., Liu, X., Chen, X., Qu, G., Zhou, L., Xu, M., and Zheng, Q. (2019). Cannabidiol Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Cell Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer SGC-7901 Cells. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9080302"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2018.06.009","article-title":"Novel mechanism of cannabidiol-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines","volume":"41","author":"Sultan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-10-1100","article-title":"Cannabidiol induces programmed cell death in breast cancer cells by coordinating the cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy","volume":"10","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2014.12.010","article-title":"Modulation of the tumor microenvironment and inhibition of EGF\/EGFR pathway: Novel anti-tumor mechanisms of Cannabidiol in breast cancer","volume":"9","author":"Elbaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2018.08.055","article-title":"Cannabinoids as a Potential New and Novel Treatment for Melanoma: A Pilot Study in a Murine Model","volume":"235","author":"Simmerman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02027.x","article-title":"Non-THC cannabinoids inhibit prostate carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo: Pro-apoptotic effects and underlying mechanisms","volume":"168","author":"Ligresti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-011-0856-x","article-title":"Chemopreventive effect of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol on experimental colon cancer","volume":"90","author":"Aviello","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"3799","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis by cannabinoids in prostate and colon cancer cells is phosphatase dependent","volume":"31","author":"Sreevalsan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.3747\/co.23.2893","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo efficacy of non-psychoactive cannabidiol in neuroblastoma","volume":"23","author":"Fisher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28591","article-title":"The effects of cannabidiol and its synergism with bortezomib in multiple myeloma cell lines. A role for transient receptor potential vanilloid type-2","volume":"134","author":"Morelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77547","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12721","article-title":"Cannabinoids synergize with carfilzomib, reducing multiple myeloma cells viability and migration","volume":"7","author":"Nabissi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/1042819031000103917","article-title":"Gamma-irradiation enhances apoptosis induced by cannabidiol, a non-psychotropic cannabinoid, in cultured HL-60 myeloblastic leukemia cells","volume":"44","author":"Gallily","year":"2003","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.106.023937","article-title":"Cannabidiol-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells: A novel role of cannabidiol in the regulation of p22phox and Nox4 expression","volume":"70","author":"McKallip","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/pancan.2018.0019","article-title":"Potential Use of Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"5","author":"Sharafi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pancreat. Cancer."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-018-0611-7","article-title":"Cannabinoid-induced cell death in endometrial cancer cells: Involvement of TRPV1 receptors in apoptosis","volume":"74","author":"Fonseca","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgs328","article-title":"Triggering of the TRPV2 channel by cannabidiol sensitizes glioblastoma cells to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents","volume":"34","author":"Nabissi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"103","article-title":"Molecular Targets of the Phytocannabinoids: A Complex Picture","volume":"103","author":"Morales","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Chem. Org. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.01166.x","article-title":"Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-enriched Cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes","volume":"163","author":"Ligresti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00487","article-title":"Cannabinoid Ligands Targeting TRP Channels","volume":"11","author":"Muller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691428","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1691428","article-title":"Cannabis sativa L. and Nonpsychoactive Cannabinoids: Their Chemistry and Role against Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cancer","volume":"2018","author":"Pellati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-019-0333-7","article-title":"The TRPV2 cation channels: From urothelial cancer invasiveness to glioblastoma multiforme interactome signature","volume":"100","author":"Santoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.10.016","article-title":"Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 2 (TRPV2) Expression in Normal Urothelium and in Urothelial Carcinoma of Human Bladder: Correlation with the Pathologic Stage","volume":"54","author":"Caprodossi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2010.03.029","article-title":"TRPV2 activation induces apoptotic cell death in human T24 bladder cancer cells: A potential therapeutic target for bladder cancer","volume":"76","author":"Yamada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oulidi, A., Bokhobza, A., Gkika, D., Vanden Abeele, F., Lehen\u2019kyi, V., Ouafik, L., Mauroy, B., and Prevarskaya, N. (2013). TRPV2 mediates adrenomedullin stimulation of prostate and urothelial cancer cell adhesion, migration and invasion. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064885"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"3","article-title":"Lysophospholipids stimulate prostate cancer cell migration via TRPV2 channel activation","volume":"1793","author":"Monet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-2205","article-title":"Role of cationic channel TRPV2 in promoting prostate cancer migration and progression to androgen resistance","volume":"70","author":"Monet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R85","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-15-0218","article-title":"Tumor progression, metastasis, and modulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma: An update","volume":"23","author":"Makker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2015.3862","article-title":"Molecular biology of gynecological cancer","volume":"1","author":"Sonoda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"e2521","article-title":"Role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer","volume":"10","author":"Arora","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/10799893.2018.1531890","article-title":"Cannabinoid receptor expression in estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent endometrial cancer","volume":"38","author":"Ayakannu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev068","article-title":"Functional expression of transient receptor potential channels in human endometrial stromal cells during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle","volume":"30","author":"Held","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Persoons, E., Hennes, A., De Clercq, K., Van Bree, R., Vriens, G., O, D.F., Peterse, D., Vanhie, A., Meuleman, C., and Voets, T. (2018). Functional Expression of TRP Ion Channels in Endometrial Stromal Cells of Endometriosis Patients. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092467"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nabissi, M., Amant, F., and Gehrig, P. (2019). Endometrial Cancer: From Biological to Clinical Approaches, Frontiers Media.","DOI":"10.3389\/978-2-88963-049-3"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Remmerie, M., and Janssens, V. (2018). Targeted Therapies in Type II Endometrial Cancers: Too Little, but Not Too Late. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082380"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810601)47:11<2634::AID-CNCR2820471119>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Detection of estrogen receptor in breast and endometrial carcinoma by the immunoperoxidase technique","volume":"47","author":"Taylor","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0883","article-title":"The levels of the endocannabinoid receptor CB2 and its ligand 2-arachidonoylglycerol are elevated in endometrial carcinoma","volume":"151","author":"Guida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-014-0017-5","article-title":"Overexpression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"31","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-018-0280-8","article-title":"TRPV2-induced Ca(2+)-calcineurin NFAT signaling regulates differentiation of osteoclast in multiple myeloma","volume":"16","author":"Bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zoppoli, P., Calice, G., Laurino, S., Ruggieri, V., La Rocca, F., La Torre, G., Ciuffi, M., Amendola, E., De Vita, F., and Petrillo, A. (2019). TRPV2 Calcium Channel Gene Expression and Outcomes in Gastric Cancer Patients: A Clinically Relevant Association. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8050662"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3390\/cells3010112","article-title":"Loss of TRPV2 Homeostatic Control of Cell Proliferation Drives Tumor Progression","volume":"3","author":"Liberati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01198","article-title":"2-APB and CBD-Mediated Targeting of Charged Cytotoxic Compounds Into Tumor Cells Suggests the Involvement of TRPV2 Channels","volume":"10","author":"Shilo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.118916","article-title":"CBD loaded microparticles as a potential formulation to improve paclitaxel and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in breast cancer","volume":"574","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.09.007","article-title":"Targeting Glioma Initiating Cells with A combined therapy of cannabinoids and temozolomide","volume":"157","author":"Torres","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-10-0688","article-title":"A combined preclinical therapy of cannabinoids and temozolomide against glioma","volume":"10","author":"Torres","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.53","article-title":"Targeting autophagy in cancer","volume":"17","author":"Levy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeong, S., Kim, B.G., Kim, D.Y., Kim, B.R., Kim, J.L., Park, S.H., Na, Y.J., Jo, M.J., Yun, H.K., and Jeong, Y.A. (2019). Cannabidiol Overcomes Oxaliplatin Resistance by Enhancing NOS3- and SOD2-Induced Autophagy in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11060781"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2013-0566-CP","article-title":"Template for reporting results of biomarker testing of specimens from patients with carcinoma of the breast","volume":"138","author":"Fitzgibbons","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/15\/5409\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:52:47Z","timestamp":1760176367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/15\/5409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms21155409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21155409","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]}}}