{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:53:54Z","timestamp":1790805234581,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["407711\/2012-0 and 421803\/2017-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["407711\/2012-0 and 421803\/2017-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are laboratory-produced cells that combine the biological advantages of somatic adult and stem cells for cell-based therapy. The reprogramming of cells, such as fibroblasts, to an embryonic stem cell-like state is done by the ectopic expression of transcription factors responsible for generating embryonic stem cell properties. These primary factors are octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct3\/4), sex-determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), Kr\u00fcppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), and the proto-oncogene protein homolog of avian myelocytomatosis (c-Myc). The somatic cells can be easily obtained from the patient who will be subjected to cellular therapy and be reprogrammed to acquire the necessary high plasticity of embryonic stem cells. These cells have no ethical limitations involved, as in the case of embryonic stem cells, and display minimal immunological rejection risks after transplant. Currently, several clinical trials are in progress, most of them in phase I or II. Still, some inherent risks, such as chromosomal instability, insertional tumors, and teratoma formation, must be overcome to reach full clinical translation. However, with the clinical trials and extensive basic research studying the biology of these cells, a promising future for human cell-based therapies using iPS cells seems to be increasingly clear and close.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T04:15:31Z","timestamp":1596168931000},"page":"5467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Hope in the Treatment of Diseases, including Muscular Dystrophies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Gois Beghini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inova\u00e7\u00f5es em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, 2- Laborat\u00f3rio de Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o Celular, both at the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Iwao Horita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inova\u00e7\u00f5es em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, 2- Laborat\u00f3rio de Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o Celular, both at the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia Machado","family":"Cascabulho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inova\u00e7\u00f5es em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, 2- Laborat\u00f3rio de Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o Celular, both at the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz","family":"Anast\u00e1cio Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inova\u00e7\u00f5es em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, 2- Laborat\u00f3rio de Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o Celular, both at the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9136-240X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Henriques-Pons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inova\u00e7\u00f5es em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, 2- Laborat\u00f3rio de Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o Celular, both at the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1038\/385810a0","article-title":"Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells","volume":"385","author":"Wilmut","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00459-6","article-title":"Nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells by in vitro hybridization with es cells","volume":"11","author":"Tada","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. 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