{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:17:56Z","timestamp":1790363876465,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]],"date-time":"2020-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 2018R1A2A2A05018222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2018R1A2A2A05018222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\u03b1-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) is one of the ligand-gated ion channels for glutamate, which is an important player in the generation and spread of seizures. The efficacy of AMPAR functionality is regulated by the trafficking, synaptic targeting, and phosphorylation. Paradoxically, AMPAR expression and its phosphorylation level are decreased in the epileptic hippocampus. Therefore, the roles of AMPAR in seizure onset and neuronal hyperexcitability in ictogenesis remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that AMPAR antagonists (perampanel and GYKI 52466) decreased glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 (GRIA1) surface expression in the epileptic rat hippocampus. They also upregulated phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression and restored to basal levels the upregulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)\/AKT1 phosphorylations. Dipotassium bisperoxovanadium(pic) dihydrate (BpV(pic), a PTEN inhibitor) co-treatment abolished the anti-epileptic effects of perampanel and GYKI 52466. Therefore, our findings suggest that PTEN may be required for the anti-epileptic effects of AMPAR antagonists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21165643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]],"date-time":"2020-08-06T09:41:21Z","timestamp":1596706881000},"page":"5643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["PTEN Is Required for The Anti-Epileptic Effects of AMPA Receptor Antagonists in Chronic Epileptic Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ji-Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Cheon","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(95)00014-2","article-title":"The pathophysiologic relationships between lesion pathology, intracranial ictal EEG onsets, and hippocampal neuron losses in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"21","author":"Mathern","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00446-8","article-title":"Preservation of perisomatic inhibitory input of granule cells in the epileptic human dentate gyrus","volume":"108","author":"Wittner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-01-00089.2000","article-title":"Control of GluR1 AMPA receptor function by cAMP-dependent protein kinase","volume":"20","author":"Banke","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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