{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:09:46Z","timestamp":1790006986388,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]],"date-time":"2020-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eye Tumor Research Charitable Funds, Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust","award":["A0814\/CF, A0928\/CF, A05\/17CF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A0814\/CF, A0928\/CF, A05\/17CF"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare tumour of the eye, characterised by a high propensity to metastasise in half of all patients, most frequently to the liver. Although there are effective treatment options for the primary tumour, once metastasis has occurred prognosis is poor, with overall survival limited to months. Currently, there are no effective treatments for metastatic UM, despite the tumour having a well-defined signalling pathway to which many therapies have been directed. In an effort to develop novel treatment approaches, understanding the role of other signalling molecules, such as microRNAs, is fundamental. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules involved in posttranscriptional gene regulation, resulting in reduced target gene expression and subsequent protein translation. In UM, several dysregulated miRNAs have been proposed to play a functional role in disease progression, whereas others have been put forward as clinical biomarkers of high-risk disease following isolation from blood, plasma and exosomes. Most recently, analyses of large datasets have identified promising prognostic miRNA signatures and panels. This review navigates the plethora of aberrant miRNAs disclosed so far in UM, and maps these to signalling pathways, which could be targeted in future therapies for the disseminated disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21165648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T09:30:54Z","timestamp":1596792654000},"page":"5648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["MicroRNAs and Uveal Melanoma: Understanding the Diverse Role of These Small Molecular Regulators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Karen","family":"Aughton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4440-2576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Kalirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK"},{"name":"Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospital Foundation Trust, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1464-2069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Coupland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK"},{"name":"Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospital Foundation Trust, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2012.126","article-title":"Progress in the management of patients with uveal melanoma. 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