{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:44:18Z","timestamp":1787060658542,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,15]],"date-time":"2020-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IG18495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG18495"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PE-2011-02351866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE-2011-02351866"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a \u03b2-herpesvirus that causes serious problems in people with a compromised immune system, whereas it coexists asymptomatically within the host with a healthy immune system. Like other viruses, HCMV has adopted multiples strategies to manipulate the host\u2019s immune responses. Among them, expression of viral microRNAs (miRNAs) is one of the most intriguing. HCMV miR-UL112-5p and miR-US4-1 have been found to contribute to immune evasion by targeting the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), a highly polymorphic key component of antigen processing. The current incomplete picture on the interplay between viral miRNAs and host immunity implies the need to better characterize the host genetic determinants. Naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the miRNA binding sites of target genes may affect miRNA\u2013target interactions. In this review, we focus on the relevance of 3\u2032 untranslated region (3\u2032UTR) ERAP1 SNPs within miRNA binding sites in modulating miRNA\u2013mRNA interactions and the possible consequent individual susceptibility to HCMV infection. Moreover, we performed an in silico analysis using different bioinformatic algorithms to predict ERAP1 variants with a putative powerful biological function. This evidence provides a basis to deepen the knowledge on how 3\u2032UTR ERAP1 variants may alter the mechanism of action of HCMV miRNAs, in order to develop targeted antiviral therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21165861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T04:35:51Z","timestamp":1597638951000},"page":"5861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Impact of Natural Occurring ERAP1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms within miRNA-Binding Sites on HCMV Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ombretta","family":"Melaiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Haematology\/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Ges\u00f9, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"D\u2019Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Haematology\/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Ges\u00f9, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2587-6722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Tempora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Haematology\/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Ges\u00f9, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Lucarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Haematology\/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Ges\u00f9, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doriana","family":"Fruci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Haematology\/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Ges\u00f9, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100983","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2018100983","article-title":"The herpesviral antagonist m152 reveals differential activation of STING-dependent IRF and NF-kappaB signaling and STING\u2019s dual role during MCMV infection","volume":"38","author":"Stempel","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1227919","article-title":"Decoding human cytomegalovirus","volume":"338","author":"Weisburd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/2042-4280-2-6","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus-induced immunopathology and its clinical consequences","volume":"2","author":"Varani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Herpesviridae"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-012-8304-8","article-title":"Diverse immune evasion strategies by human cytomegalovirus","volume":"54","author":"Noriega","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol. 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