{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T05:50:24Z","timestamp":1793512224892,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]],"date-time":"2020-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program of the \u2018Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria\u2019 (CORIS) of the Veneto Region","award":["DGR1017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGR1017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint disorders. Evidence suggests that the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) is directly involved in OA pathology. However, a comparison between OA versus non-OA IFP is still missing. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare IFP molecular, adipocytes and extracellular matrix characteristics of patients affected by OA, and patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. We hypothesized that not only inflammation but also changes in adipocytes and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition might be involved in OA pathogenesis. Fifty-three patients were enrolled. IFP biopsies were obtained, evaluating: (a) lymphocytic infiltration and vascularization; (b) adipocytes area and number; (c) adipo-cytokines and extracellular matrix gene expression levels; (d) IL-6 and VEGF protein production; (e) collagen fibers distribution. OA IFP was more inflamed and vascularized compared to ACL IFP. OA IFP adipocytes were larger and numerically lower (1.3-fold) than ACL IFP adipocytes. An increase of gene expression of typical white adipose tissue genes was observed in OA compared to ACL IFP. Collagen-types distribution was different in the OA IFP group compared to controls, possibly explaining the change of the biomechanical characteristics found in OA IFP. Statistical linear models revealed that the adipocyte area correlated with BMI in the OA group. In conclusion, inflammation and fibrotic changes of OA IFP could represent novel therapeutic targets to counteract OA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]],"date-time":"2020-08-21T09:21:51Z","timestamp":1598001711000},"page":"6016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Infrapatellar Fat Pad Gene Expression and Protein Production in Patients with and without Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1129-2574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Belluzzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Orthopedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2335-6897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Macchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"L.i.f.e. L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3844-9842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Fontanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Carniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6726-3177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Olivotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAMSES Laboratory, RIT Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Filardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Sarasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Porzionato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"L.i.f.e. L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marnie","family":"Granzotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine\u2014DIMED, University of Padova, School of Medicine, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9905-0363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assunta","family":"Pozzuoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Orthopedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Berizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Scioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"De Caro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"L.i.f.e. 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Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9617-9882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Ruggieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Vettor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine\u2014DIMED, University of Padova, School of Medicine, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Ramonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University\u2014Hospital of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4327-2500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Rossato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine\u2014DIMED, University of Padova, School of Medicine, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1079-6669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Favero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University\u2014Hospital of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Internal Medicine I, C\u00e0 Foncello Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators (2015). 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