{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:25:08Z","timestamp":1792805108615,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,23]],"date-time":"2020-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31920103015, 31730094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31920103015, 31730094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China, grant number","award":["2017YFD0500705, 2017YFD0500100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFD0500705, 2017YFD0500100"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu province agricultural science and technology independent innovation funds, grant number","award":["CX(16)1028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX(16)1028"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0335n2618","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Avian salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and Pullorum (S. Pullorum) remains a big threat to the poultry industry and public hygiene. AvrA is an effector involved in inhibiting inflammation. Compared to AvrA from S. Enteritidis (SE-AvrA), the AvrA from S. Pullorum (SP-AvrA) lacks ten amino acids at the C-terminal. In this study, we compared the anti-inflammatory response induced by SP-AvrA to that of SE-AvrA. Transient expression of SP-AvrA in epithelial cells resulted in significantly weaker inhibition of NF-\u03baB pathway activation when treated with TNF-\u03b1 compared to the inhibition by SE-AvrA. SP-AvrA expression in the S. Enteritidis resulted in weaker suppression of NF-\u03baB pathway in infected HeLa cells compared to SE-AvrA expression in the cells, while SP-AvrA expressed in S. Pullorum C79-13 suppressed NF-\u03baB activation in infected HeLa and Caco 2 BBE cells to a greater extent than did SE-AvrA because of the higher expression of SP-AvrA than SE-AvrA in S. Pullorum. Further analysis demonstrated that the inhibition of NF-\u03baB pathway in Salmonella-infected cells corresponded to the downregulation of the p-JNK and Beclin-1 protein molecules. Our study reveals that AvrA modifies the anti-inflammatory response in a manner dependent on the Salmonella serotype through inhibition of NF-\u03baB pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,23]],"date-time":"2020-08-23T21:28:06Z","timestamp":1598218086000},"page":"6063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["AvrA Exerts Inhibition of NF-\u03baB Pathway in Its Na\u00efve Salmonella Serotype through Suppression of p-JNK and Beclin-1 Molecules"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis\/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis\/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghong","family":"Xian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis\/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis\/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis\/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0923-9758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiuchun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis\/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinan","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis\/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2013","article-title":"Salmonella 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