{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T20:03:09Z","timestamp":1793822589287,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,23]],"date-time":"2020-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008732","name":"Uehara Memorial Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201840069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201840069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006280","name":"Urology Care Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["659224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["659224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006280","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract. Although nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancers have a good prognosis, muscle-invasive bladder cancers promote metastases and have a poor prognosis. Comprehensive analyses using RNA sequence of clinical tumor samples in bladder cancer have been reported. These reports implicated the candidate genes and pathways that play important roles in carcinogenesis and\/or progression of bladder cancer. Further investigations for the function of each mutation are warranted. There is suggestive evidence for several environmental factors as risk factors of bladder cancer. Environmental factors such as cigarette smoking, exposure to chemicals and gases, bladder inflammation due to microbial and parasitic infections, diet, and nutrition could induce several genetic mutations and alter the tumor microenvironment, such as immune cells and fibroblasts. The detailed mechanism of how these environmental factors induce carcinogenesis and\/or progression of bladder cancer remains unclear. To identify the relationship between the mutations and the lifestyle could be useful for prevention and treatment of bladder cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,23]],"date-time":"2020-08-23T21:28:06Z","timestamp":1598218086000},"page":"6072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Mutational Landscape and Environmental Effects in Bladder Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2030-3087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuji","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 21287-2101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6774-7497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazutoshi","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Ohno-higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujiro","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Hatano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsunari","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"McConkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 21287-2101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Nonomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.06.010","article-title":"Bladder cancer incidence and mortality: A global overview and recent trends","volume":"71","author":"Antoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. 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