{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T08:33:22Z","timestamp":1782722002857,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extracellular matrix (ECM) components play an important role in maintaining skeletal muscle function, but excessive accumulation of ECM components interferes with skeletal muscle regeneration after injury, eventually inducing fibrosis. Increased oxidative stress level caused by dystrophin deficiency is a key factor in fibrosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a promising therapeutic agent for various diseases involving fibrosis. In particular, the paracrine factors secreted by MSCs play an important role in the therapeutic effects of MSCs. In this study, we investigated the effects of MSCs on skeletal muscle fibrosis. In 2\u20135-month-old mdx mice intravenously injected with 1 \u00d7 105 Wharton\u2019s jelly (WJ)-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs), fibrosis intensity and accumulation of calcium\/necrotic fibers were significantly decreased. To elucidate the mechanism of this effect, we verified the effect of WJ-MSCs in a hydrogen peroxide-induced fibrosis myotubes model. In addition, we demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), a paracrine factor, is critical for this anti-fibrotic effect of WJ-MSCs. These findings demonstrate that WJ-MSCs exert anti-fibrotic effects against skeletal muscle fibrosis, primarily via MMP-1, indicating a novel target for the treatment of muscle diseases, such as DMD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]],"date-time":"2020-08-30T06:06:22Z","timestamp":1598767582000},"page":"6269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Anti-Fibrotic Effect of Human Wharton\u2019s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Skeletal Muscle Cells, Mediated by Secretion of MMP-1"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Alee","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Korea"},{"name":"Stem Cell &amp; Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3315-6426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Eon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Korea"},{"name":"Stem Cell &amp; Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jang Bin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Korea"},{"name":"Stem Cell &amp; Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk-joo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo-young","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyu Ha","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea"},{"name":"The Office of R&amp;D Strategy &amp; Planning, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeehun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Bae","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Wook","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Korea"},{"name":"Stem Cell &amp; Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2010.05.035","article-title":"Regulation and dysregulation of fibrosis in skeletal muscle","volume":"316","author":"Serrano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. 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