{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T08:44:58Z","timestamp":1783413898821,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is closely related to chronic kidney disease (CKD), and patients with CKD have a high risk of CVD-related mortality. Traditional CVD risk factors cannot account for the higher cardiovascular risk of patients with CKD, and standard CVD interventions cannot reduce the mortality rates among patients with CKD. Nontraditional factors related to mineral and vitamin-D metabolic disorders provide some explanation for the increased CVD risk. Non-dialyzable toxins, indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresol sulfate (PCS)\u2014produced in the liver by colonic microorganisms\u2014cause kidney and vascular dysfunction. Plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)\u2014a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary L-carnitine and choline\u2014is elevated in CKD and related to vascular disease, resulting in poorer long-term survival. Therefore, the modulation of colonic flora can improve prospects for patients with CKD. Managing metabolic syndrome, anemia, and abnormal mineral metabolism is recommended for the prevention of CVD in patients with CKD. Considering nontraditional risk factors, the use of resveratrol (RSV), a nutraceutical, can be helpful for patients with CVD and CKD. This paper discusses the beneficial effects of RSV on biologic, pathophysiological and clinical responses, including improvements in intestinal epithelial integrity, modulation of the intestinal microbiota and reduction in hepatic synthesis of IS, PCS and TMAO in patients with CVD and CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T08:11:19Z","timestamp":1598861479000},"page":"6294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Influence of Resveratrol on the Cardiovascular Health Effects of Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jenn-Yeu","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ta-Chung","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chou","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 234, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9903-7473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia-Feng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9452-5179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Lin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chih","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Jui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan City 325, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-Hau","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan City 325, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0370-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cai-Mei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Medical University-Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Cheng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60595-4","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention","volume":"382","author":"Gansevoort","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saldanha, J.F., Leal Vde, O., Stenvinkel, P., Carraro-Eduardo, J.C., and Mafra, D. 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