{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:04:55Z","timestamp":1790427895033,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)","award":["KAKENHI Grant number JP20K03919, JP16K04997, JP22110514, and JP24110717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAKENHI Grant number JP20K03919, JP16K04997, JP22110514, and JP24110717"]}]},{"name":"The Ito Foundation","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Promotion Program for Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Food Industry","award":["Grant number 26015A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant number 26015A"]}]},{"name":"Promotion of Basic Research Activities for Innovative Biosciences from Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution (BRAIN)","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Here, we examined whether antibiotic-resistant and non-resistant bacteria show a differential susceptibility to plasma treatment. Escherichia coli DH5\u03b1 were transformed with pPRO-EX-HT-CAT, which encodes an ampicillin resistance gene and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, and then treated with a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma torch. Plasma treatment reduced the viable cell count of E. coli after transformation\/selection and further cultured in ampicillin-containing and ampicillin-free medium. However, there was no significant difference in viable cell count between the transformed and untransformed E. coli after 1 min- and 2 min-plasma treatment. Furthermore, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and acetyltransferase activity assay showed that the CAT activity was reduced after plasma treatment in both transformed and selected E. coli grown in ampicillin-containing or ampicillin-free medium. Loss of lipopolysaccharide and DNA damage caused by plasma treatment were confirmed by a Limulus test and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest the plasma acts to degrade components of the bacteria and is therefore unlikely to display a differential affect against antibiotic-resistant and non-resistant bacteria. Therefore, the plasma method may be useful in eliminating bacteria that are recalcitrant to conventional antibiotic therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T11:53:49Z","timestamp":1598874829000},"page":"6326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Antibiotic-Resistant and Non-Resistant Bacteria Display Similar Susceptibility to Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Akikazu","family":"Sakudo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biometabolic Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Misawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.01.067","article-title":"Insight into effects of antibiotics on reactor performance and evolutions of antibiotic resistance genes and microbial community in a membrane reactor","volume":"197","author":"Wen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-019-01852-w","article-title":"Selective killing of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from within","volume":"570","author":"Koskiniemi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.06.004","article-title":"The evolution and transmission of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: The complexity of clones and plasmids","volume":"51","author":"Dunn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. 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