{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T06:09:50Z","timestamp":1784873390395,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["262647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["262647"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["214458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["214458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The volume, composition, and movement of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are important for brain physiology, pathology, and diagnostics. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the main structure that produces CSF, the choroid plexus (CP). Due to the presence of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in the CP, changes in blood and brain lactate levels are reflected in the CSF. A lactate receptor, the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1), is present in the brain, but whether it is located in the CP or in other periventricular structures has not been studied. Here, we investigated the distribution of HCA1 in the cerebral ventricular system using monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP)-HCA1 reporter mice. The reporter signal was only detected in the dorsal part of the third ventricle, where strong mRFP-HCA1 labeling was present in cells of the CP, the tela choroidea, and the neuroepithelial ventricular lining. Co-labeling experiments identified these cells as fibroblasts (in the CP, the tela choroidea, and the ventricle lining) and ependymal cells (in the tela choroidea and the ventricle lining). Our data suggest that the HCA1-containing fibroblasts and ependymal cells have the ability to respond to alterations in CSF lactate in body\u2013brain signaling, but also as a sign of neuropathology (e.g., stroke and Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarker).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T11:24:24Z","timestamp":1599218664000},"page":"6457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Lactate Receptor HCA1 Is Present in the Choroid Plexus, the Tela Choroidea, and the Neuroepithelial Lining of the Dorsal Part of the Third Ventricle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1322-214X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alena","family":"Hadzic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa D.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Hosoyamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0524-3410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoko H.","family":"Tomioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda H.","family":"Bergersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2930-3262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Storm-Mathisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amino Acid Transporter Laboratory, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Healthy Brain Aging Centre, University of Oslo, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1776-1821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilie","family":"Morland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804279-3.00002-2","article-title":"The cerebrospinal fluid and barriers\u2014Anatomic and physiologic considerations","volume":"Volume 146","author":"Deisenhammer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.07.027","article-title":"A balanced view of the cerebrospinal fluid composition and functions: Focus on adult humans","volume":"273","author":"Spector","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. 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