{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T03:06:27Z","timestamp":1789527987052,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is the only form of dementia that can be cured by surgery. Its diagnosis relies on clinical and radiological criteria. Identifying patients who can benefit from surgery is challenging, as other neurological diseases can be concomitant or mimic iNPH. We performed a systematic review on the role of positron emission tomography (PET) in iNPH. We retrieved 35 papers evaluating four main functional aspects with different PET radiotracers: (1) PET with amyloid tracers, revealing Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) pathology in 20\u201357% of suspected iNPH patients, could be useful in predictions of surgical outcome. (2) PET with radiolabeled water as perfusion tracer showed a global decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) and regional reduction of CBF in basal ganglia in iNPH; preoperative perfusion parameters could predict surgical outcome. (3) PET with 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoroglucose ([18F]FDG ) showed a global reduction of glucose metabolism without a specific cortical pattern and a hypometabolism in basal ganglia; [18F]FDG PET may identify a coexisting neurodegenerative disease, helping in patient selection for surgery; postsurgery increase in glucose metabolism was associated with clinical improvement. (4) Dopaminergic PET imaging showed a postsynaptic D2 receptor reduction and striatal upregulation of D2 receptor after treatment, associated with clinical improvement. Overall, PET imaging could be a useful tool in iNPH diagnoses and treatment response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T09:18:16Z","timestamp":1599470296000},"page":"6523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Usefulness of Brain Positron Emission Tomography with Different Tracers in the Evaluation of Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalous"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Maria Vittoria","family":"Mattoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara University, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9808-780X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Treglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland"},{"name":"Academic Education, Research and Innovation Area, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Lucia","family":"Calcagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, UOC di Medicina Nucleare, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Medicina Nucleare, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annunziato","family":"Mangiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara University, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Santo Spirito Hospital, 65124 Pescara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Anile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Neurochirurgia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Trevisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Santo Spirito Hospital, 65124 Pescara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2017.04.002","article-title":"Challenges in diagnosing normal pressure hydrocephalus: Evaluation of the diagnostic guidelines","volume":"7","author":"Andersson","year":"2017","journal-title":"eNeurologicalSci"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.5.JNS1875","article-title":"Outcomes and complications of different surgical treatments for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"131","author":"Giordan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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