{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:42:47Z","timestamp":1792100567793,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014538","name":"Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20161022049506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20161022049506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A considerable number of drugs and\/or their metabolites are excreted by the kidneys through glomerular filtration and active renal tubule secretion via transporter proteins. Uptake transporters in the proximal tubule are part of the solute carrier (SLC) superfamily, and include the organic cation transporters (OCTs). Several studies have shown that specific genetic polymorphisms in OCTs alter drug disposition and may lead to nephrotoxicity. Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported for the OCT genes (SLC22A1, SLC22A2 and SLC22A3), which can influence the proteins\u2019 structure and expression levels and affect their transport function. A gain-in-function mutation may lead to accumulation of drugs in renal proximal tubule cells, eventually leading to nephrotoxicity. This review illustrates the impact of genetic polymorphisms in OCTs on renal drug disposition and kidney injury, the clinical significances and how to personalize therapies to minimize the risk of drug toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T09:10:09Z","timestamp":1599729009000},"page":"6627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms in Organic Cation Transporters on Renal Drug Disposition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1264-9558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zulfan","family":"Zazuli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology-Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jawa Barat 40132, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naut J. C. B.","family":"Duin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7023-5409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne J. H.","family":"Vijverberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0414-3442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anke H.","family":"Maitland-van der Zee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1560-1074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalinde","family":"Masereeuw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-017-0506-8","article-title":"Renal Drug Transporters and Drug Interactions","volume":"56","author":"Ivanyuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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