{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:45:25Z","timestamp":1760985925287,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]],"date-time":"2020-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003549","name":"Hungarian Scientific Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NKFI K128875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKFI K128875"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003549","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union's Horizon 2020","award":["No 739593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No 739593"]}]},{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary","award":["NVKP_16-1-2016-0017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NVKP_16-1-2016-0017"]}]},{"name":"\u201cHigher Education Institutional Excellence Programme\u201d within the framework of the Neurology thematic programme","award":["FIKP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIKP"]}]},{"name":"\u201cHigher Education Institutional Excellence Programme\u201d within the framework of the Therapeutic Development thematic program","award":["FIKP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIKP"]}]},{"name":"Research Excellence Programme\u201d from the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of the Ministry of Innovation and Technology in Hungary","award":["TKP\/ITM\/NKFIH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP\/ITM\/NKFIH"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) often leads to immune-related adverse events. However, their effect on auditory function is largely unexplored. Thorough preclinical studies have not been published yet, only sporadic cases and pharmacovigilance reports suggest their significance. Here we investigated the effect of anti-PD-1 antibody treatment (4 weeks, intraperitoneally, 200 \u03bcg\/mouse, 3 times\/week) on hearing function and cochlear morphology in C57BL\/6J mice. ICI treatment did not influence the hearing thresholds in click or tone burst stimuli at 4\u201332 kHz frequencies measured by auditory brainstem response. The number and morphology of spiral ganglion neurons were unaltered in all cochlear turns. The apical-middle turns (&lt;32 kHz) showed preservation of the inner and outer hair cells (OHCs), whilst ICI treatment mitigated the age-related loss of OHCs in the basal turn (&gt;32 kHz). The number of Iba1-positive macrophages has also increased moderately in this high frequency region. We conclude that a 4-week long ICI treatment does not affect functional and morphological integrity of the inner ear in the most relevant hearing range (4\u201332 kHz; apical-middle turns), but a noticeable preservation of OHCs and an increase in macrophage activity appeared in the &gt;32 kHz basal part of the cochlea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]],"date-time":"2020-09-13T21:11:32Z","timestamp":1600031492000},"page":"6701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Anti-PD-1 Therapy Does Not Influence Hearing Ability in the Most Sensitive Frequency Range, but Mitigates Outer Hair Cell Loss in the Basal Cochlear Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Judit","family":"Szepesy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Mikl\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1nos","family":"Farkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9446-847X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e1niel","family":"Kucsera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis 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Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1gnes","family":"Szirmai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Tam\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"K\u00f6les","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2758-0784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zolt\u00e1n V.","family":"Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0357-0469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tibor","family":"Zelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1108515","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2015.1108515","article-title":"Myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment: Role of 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