{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:32:02Z","timestamp":1790616722772,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Israeli Science Foundation","award":["4090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4090"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycobacterium abscessus is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium notoriously known for causing severe, chronic infections. Treatment of these infections is challenging due to either intrinsic or acquired resistance of M. abscessus to multiple antibiotics. Despite prolonged poly-antimicrobial therapy, treatment of M. abscessus infections often fails, leading to progressive morbidity and eventual mortality. Great research efforts are invested in finding new therapeutic options for M. abscessus. Clofazimine and rifabutin are known anti-mycobacterial antibiotics, repurposed for use against M. abscessus. Novel antimicrobials active against M. abscessus include delamanid, pretomanid and PIPD1 and the recently approved beta-lactamase inhibitors avibactam, relebactam and vaborbactam. Previously unused antimicrobial combinations, e.g. vancomycin\u2013clarithromycin and dual beta-lactam therapy, have been shown to have synergistic effect against M. abscessus in experimental models, suggesting their possible use in multiple-drug regimens. Finally, engineered phage therapy has been reported to be clinically successful in a severe case of disseminated M. abscessus infection. While many of these experimental therapeutics have shown activity against M. abscessus in vitro, as well as in intracellular and\/or animal models, most have little if any evidence of effect in human infections. Clinical studies of M. abscesssus treatments are needed to reliably determine the value of their incorporation in therapeutic regimens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T20:44:13Z","timestamp":1600289053000},"page":"6793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Alternative and Experimental Therapies of Mycobacterium abscessus Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Michal","family":"Meir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, The Ruth Rappaport Children\u2019s Hospital, Rambam Health-Care Campus, Haifa 31096, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Barkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daley, C.L., Iaccarino, J.M., Lange, C., Cambau, E., Wallace, R.J., Andrejak, C., B\u00f6ttger, E.C., Brozek, J., Griffith, D.E., and Guglielmetti, L. (2020). Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: An official ATS\/ERS\/ESCMID\/IDSA clinical practice guideline. Eur. Respir. J., 56.","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00535-2020"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00359","article-title":"Extreme Drug Tolerance of Mycobacterium abscessus \u201cPersisters\u201d","volume":"11","author":"Yam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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