{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:03:03Z","timestamp":1792047783581,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL086783, PPG-HL-14985, HL101902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL086783, PPG-HL-14985, HL101902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20POST35210753, AHA00161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20POST35210753, AHA00161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purinergic G-protein-coupled receptors are ancient and the most abundant group of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The wide distribution of purinergic receptors in the cardiovascular system, together with the expression of multiple receptor subtypes in endothelial cells (ECs) and other vascular cells demonstrates the physiological importance of the purinergic signaling system in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. This review discusses the contribution of purinergic P2Y receptors to endothelial dysfunction (ED) in numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Endothelial dysfunction can be defined as a shift from a \u201ccalm\u201d or non-activated state, characterized by low permeability, anti-thrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, to a \u201cactivated\u201d state, characterized by vasoconstriction and increased permeability, pro-thrombotic, and pro-inflammatory properties. This state of ED is observed in many diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, sepsis, and pulmonary hypertension. Herein, we review the recent advances in P2Y receptor physiology and emphasize some of their unique signaling features in pulmonary endothelial cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T10:22:23Z","timestamp":1600424543000},"page":"6855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["P2Y Purinergic Receptors, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Cardiovascular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Derek","family":"Strassheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Verin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1400-6732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Batori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Nijmeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Kovacs-Kasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagavedi S.","family":"Umapathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Blood Disorders, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janavi","family":"Kotamarthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of BioMedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yash S.","family":"Gokhale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of BioMedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijaya","family":"Karoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6918-6411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kurt R.","family":"Stenmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1256-7699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgenia","family":"Gerasimovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704524","article-title":"P2 receptors: New potential players in atherosclerosis","volume":"135","author":"Solini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.78.113","article-title":"Purinergic signalling: Pathophysiological roles","volume":"78","author":"Abbracchio","year":"1998","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"413","article-title":"Receptors for purines and pyrimidines","volume":"50","author":"Ralevic","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-6497-0","article-title":"Purine and pyrimidine receptors","volume":"64","author":"Burnstock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13715.x","article-title":"Evidence that a form of ATP uncomplexed with divalent cations is the ligand of P2y and nucleotide\/P2u receptors on aortic endothelial cells","volume":"109","author":"Motte","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200212000-00005","article-title":"P2 receptor expression profiles in human vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0614-1","article-title":"Purinergic signaling in embryonic and stem cell development","volume":"68","author":"Burnstock","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2005.04.013","article-title":"Adenosine 5\u2032-triphosphate and adenosine as endogenous signaling molecules in immunity and inflammation","volume":"112","author":"Bours","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.58.1.5","article-title":"Pathophysiology and therapeutic potential of purinergic signaling","volume":"58","author":"Burnstock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-007-9078-7","article-title":"P2 receptors in cardiovascular regulation and disease","volume":"4","author":"Erlinge","year":"2008","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44638","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203012200","article-title":"Extracellular ATP is an autocrine\/paracrine regulator of hypoxia-induced adventitial fibroblast growth. Signaling through extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1\/2 and the Egr-1 transcription factor","volume":"277","author":"Gerasimovskaya","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L954","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00038.2009","article-title":"PI3K, Rho, and ROCK play a key role in hypoxia-induced ATP release and ATP-stimulated angiogenic responses in pulmonary artery vasa vasorum endothelial cells","volume":"297","author":"Woodward","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1685","article-title":"Regulation of immune cells by local-tissue oxygen tension: HIF1 alpha and adenosine receptors","volume":"5","author":"Sitkovsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4527","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI87343","article-title":"Endothelial cation channel PIEZO1 controls blood pressure by mediating flow-induced ATP release","volume":"126","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"re1","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.3104re1","article-title":"Basal release of ATP: An autocrine-paracrine mechanism for cell regulation","volume":"3","author":"Corriden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15005","article-title":"Update of P2Y receptor pharmacology: IUPHAR Review 27","volume":"177","author":"Jacobson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-3583.78582","article-title":"P2Y receptors as regulators of lung endothelial barrier integrity","volume":"2","author":"Zemskov","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Dis. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.113.008029","article-title":"Purinergic signaling and blood vessels in health and disease","volume":"66","author":"Burnstock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1161\/hq0302.105360","article-title":"Purinergic signaling and vascular cell proliferation and death","volume":"22","author":"Burnstock","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00715.2004","article-title":"Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin is necessary for hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery adventitial fibroblast proliferation","volume":"98","author":"Gerasimovskaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1711.2000.00918.x","article-title":"Signal transduction and white cell maturation via extracellular ATP and the P2Y11 receptor","volume":"78","author":"Conigrave","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.151134","article-title":"Purinergic receptors as future targets for treatment of functional GI disorders","volume":"57","author":"Burnstock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2605","article-title":"Purinergic signalling and disorders of the central nervous system","volume":"7","author":"Burnstock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5863","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26419","article-title":"Differential mechanisms of adenosine- and ATP\u03b3S-induced microvascular endothelial barrier strengthening","volume":"234","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C266","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00237.2010","article-title":"P2Y1 and P2Y13 purinergic receptors mediate Ca2+ signaling and proliferative responses in pulmonary artery vasa vasorum endothelial cells","volume":"300","author":"Lyubchenko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1160\/TH04-09-0576","article-title":"Modulation of endothelial cell migration by extracellular nucleotides: Involvement of focal adhesion kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mediated pathways","volume":"93","author":"Kaczmarek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L289","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00343.2005","article-title":"Endothelial cell barrier enhancement by ATP is mediated by the small GTPase Rac and cortactin","volume":"291","author":"Jacobson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-03-0834","article-title":"Extracellular nucleotides are potent stimulators of human hematopoietic stem cells in vitro and in vivo","volume":"104","author":"Lemoli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-01-035634","article-title":"The extracellular nucleotide UTP is a potent inducer of hematopoietic stem cell migration","volume":"109","author":"Rossi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"H1091","article-title":"Chemotactic, mitogenic, and angiogenic actions of UTP on vascular endothelial cells","volume":"276","author":"Satterwhite","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"H1892","article-title":"ATP reduces macromolecule permeability of endothelial monolayers despite increasing [Ca2+]i","volume":"276","author":"Noll","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wirsching, E., Fauler, M., Fois, G., and Frick, M. (2020). P2 Purinergic Signaling in the Distal Lung in Health and Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21144973"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.111.005389","article-title":"Purinergic signaling in the airways","volume":"64","author":"Burnstock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-9-79","article-title":"Acute lung inflammation and ventilator-induced lung injury caused by ATP via the P2Y receptors: An experimental study","volume":"9","author":"Matsuyama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L319","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00283.2007","article-title":"Protective effect of purinergic agonist ATPgammaS against acute lung injury","volume":"294","author":"Kolosova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22029","article-title":"Extracellular beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (beta-NAD) promotes the endothelial cell barrier integrity via PKA- and EPAC1\/Rac1-dependent actin cytoskeleton rearrangement","volume":"223","author":"Umapathy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3109\/01902148.2012.673049","article-title":"beta-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory effects in a murine model of acute lung injury","volume":"38","author":"Umapathy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Lung Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000255690.03436.ae","article-title":"Phenotypic heterogeneity of the endothelium: II. Representative vascular beds","volume":"100","author":"Aird","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000255691.76142.4a","article-title":"Phenotypic heterogeneity of the endothelium: I. Structure, function, and mechanisms","volume":"100","author":"Aird","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, W.H., Qiu, Y., Zhang, H.Q., Tian, X.X., and Fang, W.G. (2015). P2Y2 Receptor and EGFR Cooperate to Promote Prostate Cancer Cell Invasion via ERK1\/2 Pathway. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133165"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-016-9508-5","article-title":"Extracellular ATP protects endothelial cells against DNA damage","volume":"12","author":"Aho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI81067","article-title":"P2Y(2) and Gq\/G(1)(1) control blood pressure by mediating endothelial mechanotransduction","volume":"125","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007157","article-title":"Nitric Oxide-Dependent Feedback Loop Regulates Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) Channel Cooperativity and Endothelial Function in Small Pulmonary Arteries","volume":"6","author":"Marziano","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg078","article-title":"Structural basis for endothelial nitric oxide synthase binding to calmodulin","volume":"22","author":"Aoyagi","year":"2003","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12446","article-title":"P2Y(2) receptor activation decreases blood pressure via intermediate conductance potassium channels and connexin 37","volume":"213","author":"Burt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00255","article-title":"Uridine Adenosine Tetraphosphate-Induced Coronary Relaxation Is Blunted in Swine with Pressure Overload: A Role for Vasoconstrictor Prostanoids","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.01.007","article-title":"Hypertension and aging","volume":"26","author":"Buford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12462","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12462","article-title":"Aging attenuates adenosine triphosphate-induced, but not muscarinic and nicotinic, cutaneous vasodilation in men","volume":"25","author":"Fujii","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2019.04.002","article-title":"Compromised cardiovascular function in aged rats corresponds with increased expression and activity of calcium\/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IIdelta in aortic endothelium","volume":"118\u2013119","author":"McCluskey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2006.00232.x","article-title":"Age-related changes in endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and nitric oxide dependent vasodilation: Evidence for a novel mechanism involving sphingomyelinase and ceramide-activated phosphatase 2A","volume":"5","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ra7","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aac9187","article-title":"Purinergic P2Y6 receptors heterodimerize with angiotensin AT1 receptors to promote angiotensin II-induced hypertension","volume":"9","author":"Nishimura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086694","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes specifically attenuates purinergic skin vasodilatation without affecting muscarinic and nicotinic skin vasodilatation and sweating","volume":"103","author":"Fujii","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.236554","article-title":"Reduced vascular nitric oxide-cGMP signaling contributes to adipose tissue inflammation during high-fat feeding","volume":"31","author":"Handa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2012.02469.x","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying reduced P2Y(1) -receptor-mediated relaxation in superior mesenteric arteries from long-term streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"207","author":"Ishida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2020.02.004","article-title":"Alteration of purinergic signaling in diabetes: Focus on vascular function","volume":"140","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.199893","article-title":"Reduced NO-cGMP signaling contributes to vascular inflammation and insulin resistance induced by high-fat feeding","volume":"30","author":"Rizzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-017-2973-5","article-title":"The effect of purinergic signaling via the P2Y11 receptor on vascular function in a rat model of acute inflammation","volume":"431","author":"Danila","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2008.2231","article-title":"Regulation of NADPH oxidase in vascular endothelium: The role of phospholipases, protein kinases, and cytoskeletal proteins","volume":"11","author":"Pendyala","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diaz-Vegas, A., Campos, C.A., Contreras-Ferrat, A., Casas, M., Buvinic, S., Jaimovich, E., and Espinosa, A. (2015). ROS Production via P2Y1-PKC-NOX2 Is Triggered by Extracellular ATP after Electrical Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle Cells. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129882"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00194","article-title":"NOX signaling in molecular cardiovascular mechanisms involved in the blood pressure homeostasis","volume":"6","author":"Santillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4641","article-title":"Angiotensin II, NADPH oxidase, and redox signaling in the vasculature","volume":"19","author":"Montezano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1320854111","article-title":"Central role for hydrogen peroxide in P2Y1 ADP receptor-mediated cellular responses in vascular endothelium","volume":"111","author":"Kalwa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-10-313957","article-title":"Selective induction of endothelial P2Y6 nucleotide receptor promotes vascular inflammation","volume":"117","author":"Riegel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1159\/000449059","article-title":"Direct Evidence for P2Y2 Receptor Involvement in Vascular Response to Injury","volume":"53","author":"Agca","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1901089","article-title":"Endothelial Pannexin 1 Channels Control Inflammation by Regulating Intracellular Calcium","volume":"204","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1159\/000431367","article-title":"Extracellular Uridine Triphosphate and Adenosine Triphosphate Attenuate Endothelial Inflammation through miR-22-Mediated ICAM-1 Inhibition","volume":"52","author":"Gidlof","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401364","article-title":"Loss of mouse P2Y4 nucleotide receptor protects against myocardial infarction through endothelin-1 downregulation","volume":"194","author":"Horckmans","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feliu, C., Peyret, H., Poitevin, G., Cazaubon, Y., Oszust, F., Nguyen, P., Millart, H., and Djerada, Z. (2019). Complementary Role of P2 and Adenosine Receptors in ATP Induced-Anti-Apoptotic Effects Against Hypoxic Injury of HUVECs. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061446"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strassheim, D., Karoor, V., Nijmeh, H., Weston, P., Lapel, M., Schaack, J., Sullivan, T., Dempsey, E.C., Stenmark, K.R., and Gerasimovskaya, E. (2020). c-Jun, Foxo3a, and c-Myc Transcription Factors are Key Regulators of ATP-Mediated Angiogenic Responses in Pulmonary Artery Vasa Vasorum Endothelial Cells. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020416"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173060","article-title":"Modulation of P2Y11-related purinergic signaling in inflammation and cardio-metabolic diseases","volume":"876","author":"Danila","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2019.1610412","article-title":"The antagonist of P2Y11 receptor NF157 ameliorates oxidized LDL-induced vascular endothelial inflammation","volume":"47","author":"Kuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2018.07.016","article-title":"Inhibition of cytokine-mediated JNK signalling by purinergic P2Y11 receptors, a novel protective mechanism in endothelial cells","volume":"51","author":"Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20061728","article-title":"Structure and ligand-binding site characteristics of the human P2Y11 nucleotide receptor deduced from computational modelling and mutational analysis","volume":"405","author":"Zylberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2019.0128","article-title":"Negative Regulation of TNFR1 Signaling Via PKA-Mediated Phosphorylation of TNFR1","volume":"40","author":"Hapil","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32602","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32602","article-title":"Activation of P2 \u00d7 7 and P2Y11 purinergic receptors inhibits migration and normalizes tumor-derived endothelial cells via cAMP signaling","volume":"6","author":"Avanzato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35897","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35897","article-title":"Erratum: Activation of P2 \u00d7 7 and P2Y11 purinergic receptors inhibits migration and normalizes tumor-derived endothelial cells via cAMP signaling","volume":"6","author":"Avanzato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306529","article-title":"Cyclic AMP Sensor EPAC Proteins and Their Role in Cardiovascular Function and Disease","volume":"118","author":"Fazal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2016.06.001","article-title":"Deletion of P2Y2 receptor reveals a role for lymphotoxin-alpha in fatty streak formation","volume":"85","author":"Qian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.022","article-title":"P2Y(2)R activation by nucleotides released from oxLDL-treated endothelial cells (ECs) mediates the interaction between ECs and immune cells through RAGE expression and reactive oxygen species production","volume":"69","author":"Eun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.004","article-title":"P2Y2R activation by ATP induces oxLDL-mediated inflammasome activation through modulation of mitochondrial damage in human endothelial cells","volume":"136","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.308561","article-title":"Endothelial Cell-Specific Deletion of P2Y2 Receptor Promotes Plaque Stability in Atherosclerosis-Susceptible ApoE-Null Mice","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.303585","article-title":"P2Y6 deficiency limits vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in mice","volume":"34","author":"Stachon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.108916","article-title":"Agonism of GPR120 prevents ox-LDL-induced attachment of monocytes to endothelial cells","volume":"316","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031132","article-title":"KLF2 Is a novel transcriptional regulator of endothelial proinflammatory activation","volume":"199","author":"SenBanerjee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27027","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.235176","article-title":"The P2Y(2) nucleotide receptor mediates tissue factor expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells","volume":"286","author":"Ding","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.681163","article-title":"Purinergic P2Y2 Receptor Control of Tissue Factor Transcription in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells: NEW AP-1 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SITE AND NEGATIVE REGULATOR","volume":"291","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2009.0775","article-title":"Acute lung injury: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment","volume":"23","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050333","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of acute lung injury","volume":"353","author":"Rubenfeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2015-0519-RA","article-title":"Acute Lung Injury: A Clinical and Molecular Review","volume":"140","author":"Butt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.040766","article-title":"Cardiac complications in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: Incidence, timing, risk factors, and association with short-term mortality","volume":"125","author":"Musher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000046586.38284.60","article-title":"The effect of pneumonia on mortality among patients hospitalized for acute stroke","volume":"60","author":"Katzan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000263187.08969.45","article-title":"The cost of pneumonia after acute stroke","volume":"68","author":"Katzan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.03.182","article-title":"Recent advances in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"25","author":"Stein","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00037.2018","article-title":"Passing the Vascular Barrier: Endothelial Signaling Processes Controlling Extravasation","volume":"99","author":"Wettschureck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21303","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.120790","article-title":"Calcium\/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta 6 (CaMKIIdelta6) and RhoA involvement in thrombin-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction","volume":"285","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-10-117044","article-title":"A2B adenosine receptor dampens hypoxia-induced vascular leak","volume":"111","author":"Eckle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5736","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26281","article-title":"Extracellular adenosine-induced Rac1 activation in pulmonary endothelium: Molecular mechanisms and barrier-protective role","volume":"233","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2009.12.008","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms involved in adenosine-induced endothelial cell barrier enhancement","volume":"52","author":"Umapathy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Umapathy, S.N., Kaczmarek, E., Fatteh, N., Burns, N., Lucas, R., Stenmark, K.R., Verin, A.D., and Gerasimovskaya, E.V. (2013). Adenosine A1 receptors promote vasa vasorum endothelial cell barrier integrity via Gi and Akt-dependent actin cytoskeleton remodeling. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/42ab28e5-36fe-4a5f-b6aa-5cfec1bf2e63"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C183","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00505.2019","article-title":"Extracellular adenosine enhances pulmonary artery vasa vasorum endothelium cell barrier function via the Gi\/ELMO1\/Rac1\/PKA-dependent signaling mechanisms","volume":"319","author":"Verin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000175561.55761.69","article-title":"Signaling pathways involved in adenosine triphosphate-induced endothelial cell barrier enhancement","volume":"97","author":"Kolosova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48893","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M407266200","article-title":"Release of beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide upon stimulation of postganglionic nerve terminals in blood vessels and urinary bladder","volume":"279","author":"Smyth","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.2119\/2006-00075.Billington","article-title":"Emerging functions of extracellular pyridine nucleotides","volume":"12","author":"Billington","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20041217","article-title":"NAD+ surfaces again","volume":"382","author":"Ziegler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2011.03.045","article-title":"Compartmentation of NAD+-dependent signalling","volume":"585","author":"Fischer","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-012-9265-1","article-title":"P2Y(4) nucleotide receptor: A novel actor in post-natal cardiac development","volume":"15","author":"Horckmans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H286","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00572.2015","article-title":"Purinergic dysregulation in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"311","author":"Visovatti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604998","article-title":"Purinergic regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in angiogenesis","volume":"100","author":"Rumjahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-824X-3-4","article-title":"Complementary effects of extracellular nucleotides and platelet-derived extracts on angiogenesis of vasa vasorum endothelial cells in vitro and subcutaneous Matrigel plugs in vivo","volume":"3","author":"Roedersheimer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vasc. Cell"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L668","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00108.2003","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery adventitial remodeling and neovascularization: Contribution of progenitor cells","volume":"286","author":"Davie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(01)00347-9","article-title":"Coronary vasa vasorum neovascularization precedes epicardial endothelial dysfunction in experimental hypercholesterolemia","volume":"51","author":"Herrmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050754","article-title":"Pulmonary artery adventitial fibroblasts cooperate with vasa vasorum endothelial cells to regulate vasa vasorum neovascularization: A process mediated by hypoxia and endothelin-1","volume":"168","author":"Davie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1160\/TH06-12-0742","article-title":"Vasa vasorum and atherosclerosis\u2014Quid novi?","volume":"97","author":"Langheinrich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H295","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00884.2009","article-title":"The vasa vasorum in diseased and nondiseased arteries","volume":"298","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2453","article-title":"Angiogenesis in chronic lung disease","volume":"131","author":"Voelkel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-10-95","article-title":"Endothelial cells and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Apoptosis, proliferation, interaction and transdifferentiation","volume":"10","author":"Sakao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L661","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00244.2013","article-title":"High proliferative potential endothelial colony-forming cells contribute to hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery vasa vasorum neovascularization","volume":"306","author":"Nijmeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-030212-183802","article-title":"The adventitia: Essential regulator of vascular wall structure and function","volume":"75","author":"Stenmark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2018.00124","article-title":"Medial Hypoxia and Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Remodeling in Human Ascending Aortic Aneurysm","volume":"5","author":"Billaud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007189","article-title":"Vasa vasorum in normal and diseased arteries","volume":"129","author":"Simons","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(00)00196-0","article-title":"Vasa vasoritis, vasculitis and atherosclerosis","volume":"75","author":"Numano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-12-12","article-title":"The involvement of the vasa vasorum in the development of vasculitis in animal model of Kawasaki disease","volume":"12","author":"Suzuki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Rheumatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701571","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/701571","article-title":"Role of the vasa vasorum and vascular resident stem cells in atherosclerosis","volume":"2014","author":"Kawabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00706","article-title":"Vasa Vasorum Angiogenesis: Key Player in the Initiation and Progression of Atherosclerosis and Potential Target for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"9","author":"Sedding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11574","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160511574","article-title":"Vasa vasorum in atherosclerosis and clinical significance","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00473.2004","article-title":"Vascular remodeling in the circulations of the lung","volume":"97","author":"Mitzner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-007-9087-8","article-title":"Extracellular ATP is a pro-angiogenic factor for pulmonary artery vasa vasorum endothelial cells","volume":"11","author":"Gerasimovskaya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701453","article-title":"Regulation of brain capillary endothelial cells by P2Y receptors coupled to Ca2+, phospholipase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase","volume":"122","author":"Albert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.82.181","article-title":"Purinoceptor-mediated calcium mobilization and cellular proliferation in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells","volume":"82","author":"Cha","year":"2000","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.70.1.82","article-title":"Effects of adenine nucleotides on the proliferation of aortic endothelial cells","volume":"70","author":"Roger","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.065334","article-title":"Sequential activation of RhoA and FAK\/paxillin leads to ATP release and actin reorganization in human endothelium","volume":"558","author":"Hirakawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H793","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01155.2002","article-title":"Endogenously released ATP mediates shear stress-induced Ca2+ influx into pulmonary artery endothelial cells","volume":"285","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvn325","article-title":"Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling in the vascular system","volume":"82","author":"Morello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1999.4701","article-title":"Signaling by distinct classes of phosphoinositide 3-kinases","volume":"253","author":"Vanhaesebroeck","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0202-128","article-title":"Rapamycin inhibits primary and metastatic tumor growth by antiangiogenesis: Involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"8","author":"Guba","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.040560897","article-title":"Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling mediates angiogenesis and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in endothelial cells","volume":"97","author":"Jiang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.01.016","article-title":"TOR signaling in growth and metabolism","volume":"124","author":"Wullschleger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903586","article-title":"Glutamine uptake and metabolism are coordinately regulated by ERK\/MAPK during T lymphocyte activation","volume":"185","author":"Carr","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.58.3.3","article-title":"International Union of Pharmacology LVIII: Update on the P2Y G protein-coupled nucleotide receptors: From molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology to therapy","volume":"58","author":"Abbracchio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Jacobsen, S.E., Bengtsson, A., and Erlinge, D. (2004). P2 receptor mRNA expression profiles in human lymphocytes, monocytes and CD34+ stem and progenitor cells. BMC Immunol., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-5-16"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.7.5.319","article-title":"Current knowledge of the pathogenesis of infantile hemangiomas","volume":"7","author":"Phung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Facial Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.01.024","article-title":"Nucleotide- and nucleoside-converting ectoenzymes: Important modulators of purinergic signalling cascade","volume":"1783","author":"Yegutkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0104032","article-title":"Involvement of multiple P2Y receptors and signaling pathways in the action of adenine nucleotides diphosphates on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells","volume":"76","author":"Marteau","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000038111.00518.35","article-title":"Functional P2Y2 nucleotide receptors mediate uridine 5\u2032-triphosphate-induced intimal hyperplasia in collared rabbit carotid arteries","volume":"106","author":"Seye","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35679","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M401799200","article-title":"The P2Y2 nucleotide receptor mediates vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression through interaction with VEGF receptor-2 (KDR\/Flk-1)","volume":"279","author":"Seye","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/18\/6855\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:11:19Z","timestamp":1760177479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/18\/6855"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]},"references-count":145,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms21186855"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21186855","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]}}}