{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:18:23Z","timestamp":1790651903143,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research;Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli","award":["Grant PRIN to R. Pierantoni 2017;Grant VALERE, Vanvitelli per la Ricerca 2019 to G. Cobellis and Grant Dip. Medicina Sperimentale-2020 to R. Chianese"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant PRIN to R. Pierantoni 2017;Grant VALERE, Vanvitelli per la Ricerca 2019 to G. Cobellis and Grant Dip. Medicina Sperimentale-2020 to R. Chianese"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infertility has become a global health issue, with approximately 50% of infertility cases generated by disorders in male reproduction. Spermatozoa are conveyed towards female genital tracts in a safe surrounding provided by the seminal plasma. Interestingly, this dynamically changing medium is a rich source of proteins, essential not only for sperm transport, but also for its protection and maturation. Most of the seminal proteins are acquired by spermatozoa in transit through exosomes (epididymosomes and prostasomes). The high number of seminal proteins, the increasing knowledge of their origins and biological functions and their differential expression in the case of azoospermia, asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia and teratozoospermia or other conditions of male infertility have allowed the identification of a wide variety of biomarker candidates and their involvement in biological pathways, thus to strongly suggest that the proteomic landscape of seminal plasma may be a potential indicator of sperm dysfunction. This review summarizes the current knowledge in seminal plasma proteomics and its potentiality as a diagnostic tool in different degrees of male infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T04:18:57Z","timestamp":1600921137000},"page":"7022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Exosome Composition and Seminal Plasma Proteome: A Promising Source of Biomarkers of Male Infertility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Luz","family":"Candenas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Qu\u00edmicas, CSIC, Avenida Am\u00e9rico Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3631-1794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosanna","family":"Chianese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4104","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt132","article-title":"Stability, delivery and functions of human sperm RNAs at fertilization","volume":"41","author":"Sendler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2011.01033.x","article-title":"Seminal plasma proteins: What role do they play?","volume":"66","author":"Kvist","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. 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