{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T02:48:25Z","timestamp":1789440505496,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21677102, 61935012 and 31671491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21677102, 61935012 and 31671491"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2019A1515110342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019A1515110342"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology project","award":["JCYJ20190808153803592 and JCYJ20170817093725277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20190808153803592 and JCYJ20170817093725277"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>InP QDs have shown a great potential as cadmium-free QDs alternatives in biomedical applications. It is essential to understand the biological fate and toxicity of InP QDs. In this study, we investigated the in vivo renal toxicity of InP\/ZnS QDs terminated with different functional groups\u2014hydroxyl (hQDs), amino (aQDs) and carboxyl (cQDs). After a single intravenous injection into BALB\/c mice, blood biochemistry, QDs distribution, histopathology, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis genes were evaluated at different predetermined times. The results showed fluorescent signals from QDs could be detected in kidneys during the observation period. No obvious changes were observed in histopathological detection or biochemistry parameters. Inflammatory response and oxidative stress were found in the renal tissues of mice exposed to the three kinds of QDs. A significant increase of KIM-1 expression was observed in hQDs and aQDs groups, suggesting hQDs and aQDs could cause renal involvement. Apoptosis-related genes (Bax, Caspase 3, 7 and 9) were up-regulated in hQDs and aQDs groups. The above results suggested InP\/ZnS QDs with different surface chemical properties would cause different biological behaviors and molecular actions in vivo. The surface chemical properties of QDs should be fully considered in the design of InP\/ZnS QDs for biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T22:24:42Z","timestamp":1601245482000},"page":"7137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Nephrotoxicity Evaluation of Indium Phosphide Quantum Dots with Different Surface Modifications in BALB\/c Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6789-2328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation, Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&amp;D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation, Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&amp;D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation, Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&amp;D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation, Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&amp;D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation, Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&amp;D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518000, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maixian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation, Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&amp;D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangyao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation, Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&amp;D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shikang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation, Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&amp;D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation, Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&amp;D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guimiao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation, Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&amp;D Center, Shenzhen Key Lab of Synthetic Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaixia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12142","DOI":"10.1021\/ja002535y","article-title":"Self-Assembly of CdSe\u2212ZnS Quantum Dot Bioconjugates Using an Engineered Recombinant Protein","volume":"122","author":"Mattoussi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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