{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:31:28Z","timestamp":1791919888526,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003009","name":"STDF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STDF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STDF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited heart muscle disease, with a prevalence of at least 1 in 500 in the general population. The disease is pleiotropic and is characterized by an increased stiffness of the myocardium, partly due to changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), with elevated levels of interstitial fibrosis. Myocardial fibrosis is linked to impaired diastolic function and possibly phenotypic heterogeneity of HCM. The ECM consists of a very large number of proteins, which actively interact with each other as well as with myocardial cells. The role of other multiple components of the ECM in HCM has not been defined. Fibulin-2 is a glycoprotein component of the ECM, which plays an important role during embryogenesis of the heart; however, its role in adult myocardium has not been adequately studied. We here describe, for the first time, abnormal expression of fibulin-2 in the myocardium in patients with HCM as compared to normal controls. This abnormal expression was localized in the cytoplasm of myocardial cells and in the interstitial fibroblasts. In addition, fibulin-2 levels, measured by ELISA, were significantly elevated in the serum of patients with HCM as compared to normal controls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T08:43:27Z","timestamp":1601369007000},"page":"7176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["An Investigation of Fibulin-2 in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1865-5112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman M.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aswan Heart Center, Aswan 200, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Roshdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aswan Heart Center, Aswan 200, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8784-2355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Elshorbagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aswan Heart Center, Aswan 200, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3149-2613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Hosny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aswan Heart Center, Aswan 200, Egypt"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3404-8507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Halawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aswan Heart Center, Aswan 200, Egypt"},{"name":"Biotechnology Graduate Program, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Yehia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aswan Heart Center, Aswan 200, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0258-3783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasnaa A.","family":"Elfawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aswan Heart Center, Aswan 200, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Eldessouki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aswan Heart Center, Aswan 200, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aswan Heart Center, Aswan 200, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amany","family":"Ellithy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aswan Heart Center, Aswan 200, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdelfattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aswan Heart Center, Aswan 200, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Elsawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aswan Heart Center, Aswan 200, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Elkhatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aswan Heart Center, Aswan 200, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Allouba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aswan Heart Center, Aswan 200, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elguindy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aswan Heart Center, Aswan 200, Egypt"},{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmine","family":"Aguib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aswan Heart Center, Aswan 200, Egypt"},{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdi","family":"Yacoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aswan Heart Center, Aswan 200, Egypt"},{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK"},{"name":"Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Uxbridge UB9 6JH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2009.9","article-title":"Developmental origins of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotypes: A unifying hypothesis","volume":"6","author":"Olivotto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. 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