{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:41:52Z","timestamp":1792798912773,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan","award":["26893052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26893052"]}]},{"name":"the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan","award":["16K19709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K19709"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>CX3CL1 can function as both an adhesion molecule and a chemokine for CX3CR1+ cells, such as T cells, monocytes, and NK cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that CX3CL1\u2013CX3CR1 interaction is associated with the development of various inflammatory skin diseases. In this study, we examined CX3CR1 involvement in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact hypersensitivity using CX3CR1\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Ear swelling and dermal edema were attenuated after DNFB challenge in CX3CR1\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Expression of TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and M1 macrophage markers was decreased in the ears of CX3CR1\u2212\/\u2212 mice, whereas expression of M2 macrophage markers including arginase-1 was increased. Decreased TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 expression and increased arginase-1 expression were found in peritoneal macrophages from CX3CR1\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Furthermore, ear swelling was attenuated by depleting dermal macrophages in wild-type mice to a similar level to CX3CR1\u2212\/\u2212 mice. These results suggest that CX3CR1 deficiency could induce skewed polarization towards M2 phenotype in macrophages, resulting in attenuation of contact hypersensitivity response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T10:28:02Z","timestamp":1602066482000},"page":"7401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["CX3CR1 Deficiency Attenuates DNFB-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity through Skewed Polarization towards M2 Phenotype in Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sayaka","family":"Otobe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, the University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruyoshi","family":"Hisamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, the University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1879-3128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomomitsu","family":"Miyagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, the University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohshi","family":"Morimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, the University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba 286-0124, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiraku","family":"Suga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, the University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Sugaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, the University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba 286-0124, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, the University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.02.1139","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis. 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