{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T17:25:03Z","timestamp":1776446703236,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["107-2628-E-009-001-MY3, 107-2218-E-009-003, 109-2634-F-009-029, 108-2221-E-009-131-MY4, MOST-108-2739-M-213-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107-2628-E-009-001-MY3, 107-2218-E-009-003, 109-2634-F-009-029, 108-2221-E-009-131-MY4, MOST-108-2739-M-213-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education (MOE)","award":["MOST 109-2634-F-009-029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2634-F-009-029"]}]},{"name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) Programs","award":["109A502, F301AR7Z50, G301AR7Z50, and GM5400J000TNL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109A502, F301AR7Z50, G301AR7Z50, and GM5400J000TNL"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we optimized the geometry and composition of additive-manufactured pedicle screws. Metal powders of titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) were mixed with reactive glass-ceramic biomaterials of bioactive glass (BG) powders. To optimize the geometry of pedicle screws, we applied a novel numerical approach to proposing the optimal shape of the healing chamber to promote biological healing. We examined the geometry and composition effects of pedicle screw implants on the interfacial autologous bone attachment and bone graft incorporation through in vivo studies. The addition of an optimal amount of BG to Ti-6Al-4V leads to a lower elastic modulus of the ceramic-metal composite material, effectively reducing the stress-shielding effects. Pedicle screw implants with optimal shape design and made of the composite material of Ti-6Al-4V doped with BG fabricated through additive manufacturing exhibit greater osseointegration and a more rapid bone volume fraction during the fracture healing process 120 days after implantation, per in vivo studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T10:19:23Z","timestamp":1602238763000},"page":"7438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Investigation of Bone Growth in Additive-Manufactured Pedicle Screw Implant by Using Ti-6Al-4V and Bioactive Glass Powder Composite"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Tu-Ngoc","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physics, College of Education, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minh-Giam","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Trauma-Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach Medical University, No. 02, Duong Quang Trung St, 10th District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Chieh","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1463-6416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei-Ching","family":"Kung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Chin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser and Additive Manufacturing Technology Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Amalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsu-Hsuan","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0175-2170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nien-Ti","family":"Tsou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8246-4735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shao-Ju","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"San-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Chieh","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3516-3120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei-I","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1606-2444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng-Huang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 252, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taipei 11031, 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