{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:06:12Z","timestamp":1791324372420,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":405,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["33062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The balance between bone forming cells (osteoblasts\/osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts) plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and bone repair. Several hormones, cytokines, and growth factors\u2014in particular the members of the TGF-\u03b2 superfamily such as the bone morphogenetic proteins\u2014not only regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and functioning of these cells, but also coordinate the communication between them to ensure an appropriate response. Therefore, this review focuses on TGF-\u03b2 superfamily and its influence on bone formation and repair, through the regulation of osteoclastogenesis, osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, and osteoblasts\/osteoclasts balance. After introducing the main types of bone cells, their differentiation and cooperation during bone remodeling and fracture healing processes are discussed. Then, the TGF-\u03b2 superfamily, its signaling via canonical and non-canonical pathways, as well as its regulation by Wnt\/Notch or microRNAs are described and discussed. Its important role in bone homeostasis, repair, or disease is also highlighted. Finally, the clinical therapeutic uses of members of the TGF-\u03b2 superfamily and their associated complications are debated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T21:24:39Z","timestamp":1602710679000},"page":"7597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Influence of the TGF-\u03b2 Superfamily on Osteoclasts\/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Jann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, 2500 Boulevard Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Gascon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, 2500 Boulevard Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7427-9361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rhumatology, CHUS, 3001 12th Avenue N, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0855-9186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Faucheux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, 2500 Boulevard Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001 12th Avenue N, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"421746","article-title":"Biology of Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Factors That Influence Bone Cells","volume":"2015","author":"Sasso","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res. 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