{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:47:13Z","timestamp":1787028433627,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010774","name":"Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n e Investigaci\u00f3n de la Comunidad de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIETO-CM B2017\/BMD-3731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIETO-CM B2017\/BMD-3731"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ISCIII. \u201cFondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias\u201d (FIS)","award":["PI17-01489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI17-01489"]}]},{"name":"Miguel Servet Program","award":["CP11\/00147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP11\/00147"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glioma tumors are one of the most devastating cancer types. Glioblastoma is the most advanced stage with the worst prognosis. Current therapies are still unable to provide an effective cure. Recent advances in oncolytic immunotherapy have generated great expectations in the cancer therapy field. The use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) in cancer treatment is one such immune-related therapeutic alternative. OVs have a double oncolytic action by both directly destroying the cancer cells and stimulating a tumor specific immune response to return the ability of tumors to escape the control of the immune system. OVs are one promising alternative to conventional therapies in glioma tumor treatment. Several clinical trials have proven the feasibility of using some viruses to specifically infect tumors, eluding undesired toxic effects in the patient. Here, we revisited the literature to describe the main OVs proposed up to the present moment as therapeutic alternatives in order to destroy glioma cells in vitro and trigger tumor destruction in vivo. Oncolytic viruses were divided with respect to the genome in DNA and RNA viruses. Here, we highlight the results obtained in various clinical trials, which are exploring the use of these agents as an alternative where other approaches provide limited hope.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T21:24:39Z","timestamp":1602710679000},"page":"7604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Oncolytic Virotherapy in Glioma Tumors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sergio","family":"Rius-Rocabert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Departamento de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7744-8848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noem\u00ed","family":"Garc\u00eda-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3919-5880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel","family":"Ayuso-Sacido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundaci\u00f3n Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2458-8833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estanislao","family":"Nistal-Villan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Departamento de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz150","article-title":"CBTRUS Statistical report: Primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2012\u20132016","volume":"21","author":"Ostrom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1545-1","article-title":"The 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system: A summary","volume":"131","author":"Louis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz203","article-title":"Glioblastoma incidence rate trends in Canada and the United States compared with England, 1995\u20132015","volume":"22","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043330","article-title":"Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma","volume":"352","author":"Stupp","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. 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