{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T01:32:42Z","timestamp":1783474362723,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/23\/B\/NZ7\/02350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/23\/B\/NZ7\/02350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis is a skin disease that is accompanied by oxidative stress resulting in modification of cell components, including proteins. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the intensity of oxidative stress and the expression and activity of the proteasomal system as well as autophagy, responsible for the degradation of oxidatively modified proteins in the blood cells of patients with psoriasis. Our results showed that the caspase-like, trypsin-like, and chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome in lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and granulocytes was lower, while the expression of constitutive proteasome and immunoproteasome subunits in lymphocytes was increased cells of psoriatic patients compared to healthy subjects. Conversely, the expression of constitutive subunits in erythrocytes, and both constitutive and immunoproteasomal subunits in granulocytes were reduced. However, a significant increase in the autophagy flux (assessed using LC3BII\/LC3BI ratio) independent of the AKT pathway was observed. The levels of 4-HNE, 4-HNE-protein adducts, and proteins carbonyl groups were significantly higher in the blood cells of psoriatic patients. The decreased activity of the 20S proteasome together with the increased autophagy and the significantly increased level of proteins carbonyl groups and 4-HNE-protein adducts indicate a proteostatic imbalance in the blood cells of patients with psoriasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T21:24:39Z","timestamp":1602710679000},"page":"7608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Reduced Proteasome Activity and Enhanced Autophagy in Blood Cells of Psoriatic Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Piotr","family":"Karabowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Wro\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatological Specialized Center \u201cDERMAL\u201d NZOZ in Bialystok, 15-453 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halina","family":"Ostrowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Waeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neven","family":"Zarkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LabOS, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-1000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5397-7139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Skrzydlewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2019.1648800","article-title":"Oxidative stress involvement in psoriasis: A systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Riso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. 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