{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T03:45:18Z","timestamp":1775274318265,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01NS097197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01NS097197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAF2014-59594-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2014-59594-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Rti2018-095784b-100SAF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Rti2018-095784b-100SAF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012818","name":"Comunidad de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S2017\/BMD-3867 RENIM-CM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2017\/BMD-3867 RENIM-CM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence","award":["SEV-2015-0505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEV-2015-0505"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mutations in the EPM2A and EPM2B genes, encoding laforin and malin proteins respectively, are responsible for Lafora disease, a fatal form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy with autosomal recessive inheritance. Neuroimaging studies of patients with Lafora disease have shown different degrees of brain atrophy, decreased glucose brain uptake and alterations on different brain metabolites mainly in the frontal cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellum. Mice deficient for laforin and malin present many features similar to those observed in patients, including cognitive, motor, histological and epileptic hallmarks. We describe the neuroimaging features found in two mouse models of Lafora disease. We found altered volumetric values in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia and cerebellum using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Positron emission tomography (PET) of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of Epm2a\u2212\/\u2212 mice revealed abnormal glucose uptake, although no alterations in Epm2b\u2212\/\u2212 mice were observed. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) revealed significant changes in the concentration of several brain metabolites, including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), in agreement with previously described findings in patients. These data may provide new insights into disease mechanisms that may be of value for developing new biomarkers for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of Lafora disease using animal models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T20:50:07Z","timestamp":1603227007000},"page":"7771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities in Mouse Models of Lafora Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1579-9770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Burgos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurology, Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Aut\u00f3noma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica 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Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Calle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Perpiny\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurology, Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Aut\u00f3noma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0989-3231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Desco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioingenier\u00eda e Ingenier\u00eda Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Serratosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurology, Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Aut\u00f3noma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6785-7680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurology, Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Aut\u00f3noma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198607313150506","article-title":"Progressive myoclonus epilepsies: Specific causes and 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