{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:07:30Z","timestamp":1789542450476,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]],"date-time":"2020-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2018\/30\/M\/NZ6\/00502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2018\/30\/M\/NZ6\/00502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005297","name":"Uniwersytet Medyczny w Bialymstoku","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUB\/1\/DN\/19\/003\/1162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUB\/1\/DN\/19\/003\/1162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wy\u017cszego","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UDA- RPPD.01.01.00-20-001\/15-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UDA- RPPD.01.01.00-20-001\/15-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding the importance of oral microbiota in human health and disease also leads to an expansion of the knowledge on functional, metabolic, and molecular alterations directly contributing to oral and systemic pathologies. To date, a compelling number of studies have documented the crucial role of some oral cavity-occurring microbes in the initiation and progression of cancers. Although this effect was noted primarily for Fusobacterium spp., the potential impact of other oral microbes is also worthy of investigation. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces odontolyticus, and Propionibacterium acnes on the proliferation capability and mechanical features of gingival cells and cell lines derived from lung, breast, and ovarian cancers. For this purpose, we incubated selected cell lines with heat-inactivated bacteria and supernatants collected from biofilms, cultured in both anaerobic and aerobic conditions, in the presence of surgically removed teeth and human saliva. The effect of oral bacteria on cell population growth is variable, with the highest growth-promoting abilities observed for E. faecalis in relation to human primary gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and lung cancer A549 cells, and P. acnes in relation to breast cancer MCF-7 and ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells. Notably, this effect seems to depend on a delicate balance between the pro-stimulatory and toxic effects of bacterial-derived products. Regardless of the diverse effect of bacterial products on cellular proliferation capability, we observed significant alterations in stiffness of gingival and lung cancer cells stimulated with E. faecalis bacteria and corresponding biofilm supernatants, suggesting a novel molecular mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of diseases in oral cavities and tooth tissues. Accordingly, it is proposed that analysis of cancerogenic features of oral cavity bacteria should be multivariable and should include investigation of potential alterations in cell mechanical properties. These findings corroborate the important role of oral hygiene and root canal treatment to assure the healthy stage of oral microbiota.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21217914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T02:34:54Z","timestamp":1603679694000},"page":"7914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Bacteria Residing at Root Canals Can Induce Cell Proliferation and Alter the Mechanical Properties of Gingival and Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6666-9688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Suprewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gra\u017cyna","family":"Tokajuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Dentistry, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland"},{"name":"Dentistry and Medicine Tokajuk, \u017belazna 9\/7, 15-297 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5931-4376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Cie\u015bluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3553-3774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Deptu\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Sierpi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4450-5011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Wolak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, IX Wiek\u00f3w Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Wollny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Holy Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Stefana Artwi\u0144skiego Street 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Tokajuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"},{"name":"Dentistry and Medicine Tokajuk, \u017belazna 9\/7, 15-297 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7752-0459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"G\u0142uszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, IX Wiek\u00f3w Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Piktel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7664-9226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Bucki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, IX Wiek\u00f3w Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16540","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16418-x","article-title":"Bacterial alterations in salivary microbiota and their association in oral cancer","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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