{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:27:43Z","timestamp":1790994463568,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1D1A1A02018088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1D1A1A02018088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Consumption of a Western-type diet has been linked to gut-microbiota-mediated colon inflammation that constitutes a risk factor for colorectal cancer. A high salt diet (HSD) exacerbates IL-17A-induced inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease and other autoimmune diseases. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is a gut commensal bacterium and reported to be a potent initiator of colitis via secretion of the Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT). BFT induces ectodomain cleavage of E-cadherin in colonic epithelial cells, consequently leading to cell rounding, epithelial barrier disruption, and the secretion of IL-8, which promotes tumorigenesis in mice via IL-17A-mediated inflammation. A HSD is characteristic of the Western-type diet and can exhibit inflammatory effects. However, a HSD induces effects in ETBF-induced colitis and tumorigenesis remain unknown. In this study, we investigated HSD effects in ETBF-colonized mice with azoxymethane (AOM)\/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced tumorigenesis as well as ETBF colitis mice. Unexpectedly, ETBF-infected mice fed a HSD exhibited decreased weight loss and splenomegaly and reduction of colon inflammation. The HSD significantly decreased the expression of IL-17A and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the colonic tissues of ETBF-infected mice. In addition, serum levels of IL-17A and nitric oxide (NO) were also diminished. However, HT29\/C1 colonic epithelial cells treated with sodium chloride showed no changes in BFT-induced cellular rounding and IL-8 expression. Furthermore, HSD did not affect ETBF colonization in mice. In conclusion, HSD decreased ETBF-induced tumorigenesis through suppression of IL-17A and iNOS expression in the colon. HSD also inhibited colonic polyp numbers in the ETBF-infected AOM\/DSS mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that a HSD consumption inhibited ETBF-promoted colon carcinogenesis in mice, indicating that a HSD could have beneficial effects under certain conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T11:43:06Z","timestamp":1603885386000},"page":"8034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Dietary Salt Administration Decreases Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF)-Promoted Tumorigenesis via Inhibition of Colonic Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1904-077X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soonjae","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea"},{"name":"Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Chin","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samnoh","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6150-2990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minjeong","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5130-2728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki-Jong","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Epidemiology of colorectal cancer: Incidence, mortality, survival and risk factors","volume":"14","author":"Rawla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Przeglad Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(17)30004-3","article-title":"Risk of colorectal cancer in Asian patients with ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Bopanna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. 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