{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T08:57:23Z","timestamp":1780995443509,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Angiogenesis in arterial intimal thickening (AIT) has been considered mainly in late AIT stages and only refers to sprouting angiogenesis. We assess angiogenesis during early AIT development and the occurrence of the intussusceptive type. For this purpose, we studied AIT development in (a) human arteries with vasculitis in gallbladders with acute cholecystitis and urgent (n = 25) or delayed (n = 20) cholecystectomy, using immunohistochemical techniques and (b) experimentally occluded arterial segments (n = 56), using semithin and ultrathin sections and electron microscopy. The results showed transitory angiogenic phenomena, with formation of an important microvasculature, followed by vessel regression. In addition to the sequential description of angiogenic and regressive findings, we mainly contribute (a) formation of intravascular pillars (hallmarks of intussusception) during angiogenesis and vessel regression and (b) morphological interrelation between endothelial cells (ECs) in the arterial wall and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which adopt a pericytic arrangement and establish peg-and-socket junctions with ECs. In conclusion, angiogenesis and vessel regression play an important role in AIT development in the conditions studied, with participation of intussusceptive angiogenesis during the formation and regression of a provisional microvasculature and with morphologic interrelation between ECs and VSMCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T09:44:53Z","timestamp":1603964693000},"page":"8049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Intussusceptive Angiogenesis and Peg\u2013Socket Junctions between Endothelial Cells and Smooth Muscle Cells in Early Arterial Intimal Thickening"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1449-8738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucio","family":"D\u00edaz-Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00aa Pino","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Eurofins\u00ae Megalab\u2013Hospiten Hospitals, 38100 Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Gayoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9140-2053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Lu\u00eds","family":"Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Lucio.","family":"D\u00edaz-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Francisco","family":"Madrid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, Campus of International Excellence \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2018.06.1057","article-title":"Markers of Atherosclerosis: Part 1\u2014Serological Markers","volume":"28","author":"Tibaut","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2018.09.006","article-title":"Markers of Atherosclerosis: Part 2\u2014Genetic and Imaging Markers","volume":"28","author":"Tibaut","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042192","article-title":"Inadequate intimal angiogenesis as a source of coronary plaque instability: Implications for healing","volume":"140","author":"Brezinski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"510","article-title":"Potential contributions of intimal and plaque hypoxia to atherosclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Fong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cur. 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