{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:20:54Z","timestamp":1768782054421,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":249,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-17-0505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-17-0505"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The human virome, which is a collection of all the viruses that are present in the human body, is increasingly being recognized as an essential part of the human microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract and related organs (e.g., liver, pancreas, and gallbladder)\u2014composing the gastrointestinal (or digestive) system\u2014contain a huge number of viral particles which contribute to maintaining tissue homeostasis and keeping our body healthy. However, perturbations of the virome steady-state may, both directly and indirectly, ignite\/sustain oncogenic mechanisms contributing to the initiation of a dysplastic process and\/or cancer progression. In this review, we summarize and discuss the available evidence on the association and role of viruses in the development of cancers of the digestive system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T21:34:47Z","timestamp":1604093687000},"page":"8133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Viruses in Cancers of the Digestive System: Active Contributors or Idle Bystanders?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1201-5184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Mar\u00f4nek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Link","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik, 040 11 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Monteleone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8211-907X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Gardl\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6354-2443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmine","family":"Stolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.3390\/genes6030841","article-title":"Ecology and evolution of the human microbiota: Fire, farming and antibiotics","volume":"6","author":"Gillings","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENG.2017.01.008","article-title":"The Human Microbiota in Health and Disease","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24508","article-title":"Beyond the gut bacterial microbiota: The gut virome","volume":"88","author":"Columpsi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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