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Mice were divided into seven groups (n = 10\/group): (1) non-immobilized control mice, (2) 7-day unloaded mice (7-day I), (3) 15-day unloaded mice (15-day I), (4) 21-day LC-cachexia group (LC 21-days), (5) 30-day LC-cachexia group (LC 30-days), (6) 21-day LC-cachexia group besides 7 days of unloading (LC 21-days + 7-day I), (7) 30-day LC-cachexia group besides 15 days of unloading (LC 30-days + 15-day I). Physiological parameters, body weight, muscle and tumor weights, phenotype and morphometry, muscle damage (including troponin I), proteolytic and autophagy markers, and muscle regeneration markers were identified in gastrocnemius muscle. In LC-induced cachexia mice exposed to hindlimb unloading, gastrocnemius weight, limb strength, fast-twitch myofiber cross-sectional area, and muscle regeneration markers significantly decreased, while tumor weight and area, muscle damage (troponin), and proteolytic and autophagy markers increased. In gastrocnemius of cancer-cachectic mice exposed to unloading, severe muscle atrophy and impaired function was observed along with increased muscle proteolysis and autophagy, muscle damage, and impaired muscle regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T21:39:56Z","timestamp":1604180396000},"page":"8167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prolonged Immobilization Exacerbates the Loss of Muscle Mass and Function Induced by Cancer-Associated Cachexia through Enhanced Proteolysis in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Ma\u00f1as-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Penedo-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7175-8789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"L\u00f3pez-Postigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorieke","family":"Deschrevel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratory of Respiratory diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department Chrometa, Catholic University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Dur\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific and Technical Department, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Barreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Tang, J., Curull, V., Ramis-Cabrer, D., Duran, X., Rodr\u00edguez-Fuster, A., Espases, R.A., and Barreiro, E. 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