{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T11:17:30Z","timestamp":1782386250008,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCHM 3261\/3 1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCHM 3261\/3 1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KA 1846\/4-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KA 1846\/4-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The adipokine CTRP-3 (C1q\/TNF-related protein-3) exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. Its regulation in obesity and during weight loss is unknown. Serum and adipose tissue (AT) samples were obtained from patients (n = 179) undergoing bariatric surgery (BS). Moreover, patients (n = 131) participating in a low-calorie diet (LCD) program were studied. CTRP 3 levels were quantified by ELISA and mRNA expression was analyzed in AT and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with bile acids and incretins. There was a persistent downregulation of CTRP-3 serum levels during weight loss. CTRP-3 expression was higher in subcutaneous than in visceral AT and serum levels of CTRP-3 were positively related to AT expression levels. A rapid decrease of circulating CTRP-3 was observed immediately upon BS, suggesting weight loss-independent regulatory mechanisms. Adipocytes CTRP-3 expression was inhibited by primary bile acid species and GLP 1. Adipocyte-specific CTRP-3 deficiency increased bile acid receptor expression. Circulating CTRP-3 levels are downregulated during weight loss, with a considerable decline occurring immediately upon BS. Mechanisms dependent and independent of weight loss cause the post-surgical decline of CTRP-3. The data strongly argue for regulatory interrelations of CTRP-3 with bile acids and incretin system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T21:39:56Z","timestamp":1604180396000},"page":"8168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Downregulation of CTRP-3 by Weight Loss In Vivo and by Bile Acids and Incretins in Adipocytes In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schmid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Gehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Thomalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Hochberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Krei\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Patz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Karrasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Sch\u00e4ffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2011.12.003","article-title":"CTRP family: Linking immunity to metabolism","volume":"23","author":"Buechler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. 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