{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:48:20Z","timestamp":1791244100025,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant to Department of Science, Roma Tre University (MIUR Italy Dipartimento di Eccellenza)","award":["ARTICOLO 1, COMMI 314   337 LEGGE 232\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARTICOLO 1, COMMI 314   337 LEGGE 232\/2016"]}]},{"name":"Research project of basic and technological research approved in the Protocols of Scientific and Technological Bilateral Cooperation funded by the Ministry of Health, Italy-United States of America. 2019 &quot;Whole transcriptome analysis in models of extended","award":["MAE0067342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAE0067342"]}]},{"name":"Research grant from University of Pennsylvania Orphan Disease Center in partnership with the Snyder-Robinson Foundation","award":["MDBR-20-135-SRS (RAC)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MDBR-20-135-SRS (RAC)"]}]},{"name":"Research grant from the University of Rome \u2018Foro Italico\u2019","award":["CDR2.BANDO2017SS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDR2.BANDO2017SS"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Skeletal muscle atrophy is a pathological condition so far without effective treatment and poorly understood at a molecular level. Emerging evidence suggest a key role for circular RNAs (circRNA) during myogenesis and their deregulation has been reported to be associated with muscle diseases. Spermine oxidase (SMOX), a polyamine catabolic enzyme plays a critical role in muscle differentiation and the existence of a circRNA arising from SMOX gene has been recently identified. In this study, we evaluated the expression profile of circular and linear SMOX in both C2C12 differentiation and dexamethasone-induced myotubes atrophy. To validate our findings in vivo their expression levels were also tested in two murine models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: SOD1G93A and hFUS+\/+, characterized by progressive muscle atrophy. During C2C12 differentiation, linear and circular SMOX show the same trend of expression. Interestingly, in atrophy circSMOX levels significantly increased compared to the physiological state, in both in vitro and in vivo models. Our study demonstrates that SMOX represents a new player in muscle physiopathology and provides a scientific basis for further investigation on circSMOX RNA as a possible new therapeutic target for the treatment of muscle atrophy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T09:09:32Z","timestamp":1604394572000},"page":"8227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Emerging Role for Linear and Circular Spermine Oxidase RNAs in Skeletal Muscle Physiopathology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jonathan Fernando","family":"Reinoso-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, \u201cDepartment of Excellence 2018\u20132022\u201d, University of Rome \u201cRoma Tre\u201d, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Baroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, \u201cDepartment of Excellence 2018\u20132022\u201d, University of Rome \u201cRoma Tre\u201d, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1664-9387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Duranti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology\u2014Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Scaricamazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Sabatini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology\u2014Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiana","family":"Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"National Research Council, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8327-4423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariangela","family":"Morlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, \u201cDepartment of Excellence 2018\u20132022\u201d, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Robert Anthony Casero","family":"Casero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Bozzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology \u201cCharles Dar win\u201d, University of Rome \u201cLa Sapienza\u201d, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1044-7108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Mariottini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, \u201cDepartment of Excellence 2018\u20132022\u201d, University of Rome \u201cRoma Tre\u201d, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8900-8839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Ceci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology\u2014Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8535-8279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Cervelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, \u201cDepartment of Excellence 2018\u20132022\u201d, University of Rome \u201cRoma Tre\u201d, 00146 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7219","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07575-0","article-title":"MiR-23-TrxR1 as a novel molecular axis in skeletal muscle differentiation","volume":"7","author":"Mercatelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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