{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:13:49Z","timestamp":1789535629628,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["IG 18\/15-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG 18\/15-2"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["HA 8470\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HA 8470\/1-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the adult skeleton, bone remodeling is required to replace damaged bone and functionally adapt bone mass and structure according to the mechanical requirements. It is regulated by multiple endocrine and paracrine factors, including hormones and growth factors, which interact in a coordinated manner. Because the response of bone to mechanical signals is dependent on functional estrogen receptor (ER) and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling and is impaired in postmenopausal osteoporosis by estrogen deficiency, it is of paramount importance to elucidate the underlying mechanisms as a basis for the development of new strategies in the treatment of osteoporosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the activation of the ligand-dependent ER and the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signal transduction pathways on mechanically induced bone formation using ovariectomized mice as a model of postmenopausal bone loss. We demonstrated that both pathways interact in the regulation of bone mass adaption in response to mechanical loading and that the activation of Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling considerably increased mechanically induced bone formation, whereas the effects of estrogen treatment strictly depended on the estrogen status in the mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T09:04:34Z","timestamp":1604567074000},"page":"8301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Effects of Estrogen Receptor and Wnt Signaling Activation on Mechanically Induced Bone Formation in a Mouse Model of Postmenopausal Bone Loss"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Astrid","family":"Liedert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orhopedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Nemitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orhopedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3333-2613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Haffner-Luntzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orhopedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Schick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orhopedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz","family":"Jakob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4782-1979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Ignatius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orhopedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01660","article-title":"Control of osteoblast function and regulation of bone mass","volume":"423","author":"Harada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"A 2003 update of bone physiology and Wolff\u2019s Law for clinicians","volume":"74","author":"Frost","year":"2004","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1365.035","article-title":"Bone remodeling","volume":"1092","author":"Hadjidakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. 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