{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:47:16Z","timestamp":1787028436611,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]],"date-time":"2020-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 107-2313-B-005-036-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107-2313-B-005-036-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan","award":["the iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center and the Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture from The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["the iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center and the Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture from The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004913","name":"Texas AgriLife Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#8738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#8738"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004913","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"DSM Nutritional Products Asia Pacific, Singapore","award":["A grant to Chen S.E."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A grant to Chen S.E."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Broiler breeder hens with efficient feed conversion rate under restricted feed intake (R-hens) or allowed unlimited access to feed (Ad-hens) progressed with cardiac functional failure and suffered early sudden death. A supplement of 69 \u03bcg 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3)\/kg feed improved heart health and rescued livability in both R- and Ad-hens throughout laying stage (26\u201360 wks). Improvements occurred through cardiac hypertrophic remodeling, reduced arrhythmias, and pathological cues. Here, we further demonstrated consistently decreased circulating and cardiac IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2 levels in conjunction with reduced cardiac chemoattraction and leukocyte infiltration by 25-OH-D3 in Ad-hens and in R-hens at later time points (35 and 47 wks) (p &lt; 0.05). Supplemental 25-OH-D3 also ameliorated cardiac fibrosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and autophagy, mostly in Ad-hens, as both collagen content and expression of COL3A1, as well as CCAAT box binding enhancer homologous protein (CHOP) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), were consistently decreased, and suppression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light Chain 3 beta (LC3B) and Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) was rescued at 35 and 47 wks (p &lt; 0.05). Vitamin D receptor-NF-\u03baB signaling was shown to mediate these beneficial effects. The present results demonstrate that ER stress and autophagic processes along the sequence from inflammation to fibrotic changes contribute to pathological cardiac remodeling and functional compromise by Ad-feed intake. 25-OH-D3 is an effective anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic supplement to ameliorate cardiac pathogenesis in broiler breeder hens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]],"date-time":"2020-11-08T19:03:37Z","timestamp":1604862217000},"page":"8379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Supplemental 25-hydroxycholecalciferol Alleviates Inflammation and Cardiac Fibrosis in Hens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9995-9403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pao-Chia","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thau-Kiong","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSM Nutritional Products Asia Pacific, Singapore 117440, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9913-7810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosemary L.","family":"Walzem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5741-1084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lih-Shiuh","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1737-2591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuen-Ei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex015","article-title":"Obesity-associated cardiac pathogenesis in broiler breeder hens: Pathological adaption of cardiac hypertrophy","volume":"96","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult. 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