{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:11:32Z","timestamp":1790640692231,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agency of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Prague, Czech Republic","award":["AZV 16-27761A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZV 16-27761A"]}]},{"name":"Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic","award":["260529\/SVV\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["260529\/SVV\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic","award":["PROGRES Q34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROGRES Q34"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The goal was to assess how a history of any kind of pregnancy-related complication altered expression profile of microRNAs played a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the peripheral blood leukocytes of children at the age of 3\u201311 years. The prior exposure to gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes or spontaneous preterm birth causes that a significant proportion of children (57.42% to 90.0% specifically) had a substantially altered microRNA expression profile, which might be the origin of a lifelong cardiovascular risk. A total of 23 out of 29 tested microRNAs were upregulated in children born from such complicated gestation. The occurrence of overweight, obesity, valve problems and heart defects even intensified upregulation of microRNAs already present in children exposed to such pregnancy complications. The occurrence of overweight\/obesity (miR-92a-3p, and miR-210-3p) and valve problems or heart defects (miR-342-3p) induced microRNA upregulation in children affected with pregnancy complications. Overall, 42.86% overweight\/obese children and 27.36% children with valve problems or heart defects had even higher microRNA levels than children with normal clinical findings after complicated pregnancies. In addition, the microRNA expression profile was also able to differentiate between children descending from normal gestation in relation to the occurrence of overweight and obesity. Screening on the base of the combination of 19 microRNAs identified 70.0% overweight\/obese children at 90.0% specificity. In general, children after complicated pregnancies, just as children after normal pregnancies, with abnormal findings are at a higher risk of the onset of cardiovascular complications, and their dispensarization, with the aim to implement primary prevention strategies, would be beneficial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T19:08:29Z","timestamp":1604948909000},"page":"8413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association Analysis in Children Born from Normal and Complicated Pregnancies\u2014Cardiovascular Disease Associated microRNAs and the Incidence of Prehypertension\/Hypertension, Overweight\/Obesity, Valve Problems and Heart Defects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4396-3304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilona","family":"Hromadnikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Kotlabova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ladislav","family":"Krofta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for the Care of the Mother and Child, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 147 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2740-928X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Sirc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for the Care of the Mother and Child, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 147 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1552","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3093","article-title":"Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Young Adults Born to Preeclamptic Pregnancies: A Systematic Review","volume":"129","author":"Davis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08414","article-title":"Hypertension in Pregnancy and Offspring Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adulthood","volume":"69","author":"Alsnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawasaki, M., Arata, N., Miyazaki, C., Mori, R., Kikuchi, T., Ogawa, Y., and Ota, E. 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