{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T09:22:47Z","timestamp":1784971367793,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n (AEI\/FEDER)","award":["numbers SAF2009-13243 and PID2019-110944RB-I00 to JA, SAF2017-85352 to JP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["numbers SAF2009-13243 and PID2019-110944RB-I00 to JA, SAF2017-85352 to JP"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGAUR SGR 661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGAUR SGR 661"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003508","name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV17-01-13-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV17-01-13-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003508","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) are upregulated during early responses to tissue damage and are expected to transiently compromise the mechanical microenvironment. Fibroblasts are key regulators of tissue mechanics in the lungs and other organs. However, the effects of IL-1\u03b2 on fibroblast mechanics and functions remain unclear. Here we treated human pulmonary fibroblasts from control donors with IL-1\u03b2 and used Atomic Force Microscopy to unveil that IL-1\u03b2 significantly reduces the stiffness of fibroblasts concomitantly with a downregulation of filamentous actin (F-actin) and alpha-smooth muscle (\u03b1-SMA). Likewise, COL1A1 mRNA was reduced, whereas that of collagenases MMP1 and MMP2 were upregulated, favoring a reduction of type-I collagen. These mechanobiology changes were functionally associated with reduced proliferation and enhanced migration upon IL-1\u03b2 stimulation, which could facilitate lung repair by drawing fibroblasts to sites of tissue damage. Our observations reveal that IL-1\u03b2 may reduce local tissue rigidity by acting both intracellularly and extracellularly through the downregulation of fibroblast contractility and type I collagen deposition, respectively. These IL-1\u03b2-dependent mechanical effects may enhance lung repair further by locally increasing pulmonary tissue compliance to preserve normal lung distension and function. Moreover, our results support that IL-1\u03b2 provides innate anti-fibrotic protection that may be relevant during the early stages of lung repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T14:10:41Z","timestamp":1605017441000},"page":"8417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Interleukin-1\u03b2 Modulation of the Mechanobiology of Primary Human Pulmonary Fibroblasts: Potential Implications in Lung Repair"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Gabasa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8707-6304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marselina","family":"Arshakyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Llorente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Chuli\u00e1-Peris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46100 Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Pavelescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Xaubet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Service, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Pereda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46100 Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Alcaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3112","article-title":"Balancing forces: Architectural control of mechanotransduction","volume":"12","author":"DuFort","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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