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Decades of research into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of retinal diseases, using either animal models or human cell-derived 2D systems, facilitated the development of several therapeutic interventions. Recently, human stem cell-derived 3D retinal organoids have been developed. These self-organizing 3D organ systems have shown to recapitulate the in vivo human retinogenesis resulting in morphological and functionally similar retinal cell types in vitro. In less than a decade, retinal organoids have assisted in modeling several retinal diseases that were rather difficult to mimic in rodent models. Retinal organoids are also considered as a photoreceptor source for cell transplantation therapies to counteract blindness. Here, we highlight the development and field\u2019s improvements of retinal organoids and discuss their application aspects as human disease models, pharmaceutical testbeds, and cell sources for transplantations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T19:08:28Z","timestamp":1605121708000},"page":"8484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Rise of Retinal Organoids for Vision Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0934-6334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kritika","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2280-925X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim U.","family":"Krohne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7517-8944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volker","family":"Busskamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gerrig, R.J., Zimbardo, P.G., Campbell, A.J., Cumming, S.R., and Wilkes, F.J. 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